Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression examining personal factors and pandemic-related hardship associated with diaper need during the COVID-19 pandemic among respondents with at least one child aged 0–4 years in diapers living in their household.a
| Variables | Model 1: Personal characteristics |
Model 2: Financial change in the preceding year |
Model 3: Depression during the pandemic |
Model 4: Inadequate childcare during the pandemic |
Model 5: All three forms of hardship during the pandemic |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | |
| Respondent characteristics | ||||||||||
| Race and Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Black or African American | 1.325 (0.899–1.952) | 0.154 | 1.310 (0.883–1.944) | 0.180 | 1.444 (0.939–2.219) | 0.094 | 1.468 (0.970–2.221) | 0.069 | 1.504 (0.949–2.384) | 0.082 |
| Hispanic | 1.691 (1.116–2.562) | 0.013 | 1.601 (1.045–2.453) | 0.031 | 1.686 (1.069–2.661) | 0.025 | 1.697 (1.092–2.637) | 0.019 | 1.634 (0.995–2.681) | 0.052 |
| Non-Hispanic White | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Other minoritized racial group | 1.273 (0.633–2.563) | 0.498 | 1.289 (0.626–2.657) | 0.491 | 1.585 (0.733–3.427 | 0.242 | 1.559 (0.713–3.407) | 0.266 | 1.877 (0.776–4.537) | 0.162 |
| ≥2 children in diapers | 1.663 (1.177–2.350) | 0.004 | 1.684 (1.181–2.400) | 0.004 | 1.364 (0.940–1.982) | 0.103 | 1.951 (1.333–2.854) | <0.001 | 1.563 (1.026–2.382) | 0.037 |
| Types of diapers used | ||||||||||
| Disposable only | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Cloth only | 3.585 (1.638–7.846) | 0.001 | 3.572 (1.611–7.918) | 0.002 | 2.175 (0.973–4.861) | 0.058 | 3.598 (1.585–8.166) | 0.002 | 2.258 (0.959–5.320) | 0.062 |
| Both disposable and cloth | 2.308 (1.546–3.446) | <0.001 | 2.249 (1.496–3.382) | <0.001 | 2.349 (1.510–3.655) | <0.001 | 2.149 (1.408–3.282) | <0.001 | 2.082 (1.296–3.343) | 0.002 |
| 2020 household income | ||||||||||
| ≤ $24,999 | 2.593 (1.600–4.202) | <0.001 | 2.224 (1.346–3.677) | 0.002 | 1.645 (0.952–2.840) | 0.074 | 2.482 (1.465–4.205) | <0.001 | 1.582 (0.861–2.907) | 0.139 |
| $25,000 - $49,999 | 2.570 (1.613–4.093) | <0.001 | 2.224 (1.369–3.611) | 0.001 | 1.732 (1.026–2.925) | 0.040 | 2.395 (1.457–3.935) | <0.001 | 1.670 (0.942–2.963) | 0.079 |
| $50,000 - $99,999 | 1.659 (1.053–2.614) | 0.029 | 1.569 (0.989–2.491) | 0.056 | 1.442 (0.868–2.394) | 0.158 | 1.609 (1.001–2.588) | 0.050 | 1.389 (0.815–2.368) | 0.227 |
| $100,000 or more | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Hardship during the pandemic | ||||||||||
| Financial situation compared to one year ago | ||||||||||
| Better off | 1.236 (0.842–1.815) | 0.279 | 1.468 (0.925–2.329) | 0.104 | ||||||
| About the same | Referent | Referent | ||||||||
| Worse off | 2.526 (1.727–3.693) | <0.001 | 2.251 (1.435–3.532) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Screened positive for depression | 4.575 (3.091–6.772) | <0.001 | 4.069 (2.656–6.233) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Inadequate childcare situation | 1.036 (0.727–1.475) | 0.846 | 0.982 (0.66–1.459) | 0.930 | ||||||
a
Due to missing data sample sizes differed for each model: Model 1: n = 752; Model 2: n = 749; Model 3: n = 684; Model 4: n = 660; Model 5: n = 599.