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. 2024 Apr 29;16(3):502–517. doi: 10.3390/neurolint16030037

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Non-motor symptoms of PD include neurological effects such as apathy, anxiety, mood disorders, hallucinations, dementia, insomnia, and pain. Other symptoms are related to olfactory system such as anosmia and gastrointestinal effects, such as constipation. Some affected people also experience orthostatic hypotension, urinary and sexual dysfunctions, and sustained activity of sweat and sebaceus glands.