Table 1.

Antioxidants that target oxidative stress. (a) Vitamin E [104,105], (b) Creatine [105,106], (c) CoQ10 [107,110], (d) MitoQ [113,114], (e) Quercetin [120].

Antioxidants	Targeting Oxidative Stress	Reference
(a) Vitamin E	Interference with iron accumulation reducing neuronal damage and slowing down the progression of PD; protection against iron and MPTP-induced neurodegeneration in mice.	Lan and Jiang, 1997 Jin et al., 2014
(b) Creatine	Neuroprotective agents resulting in ameliorated social difficulties; protection against MPTP-induced dopamine reduction in mice.	Jin et al., 2014 Matthews et al., 1999
(c) CoQ10	Inhibition of ROS generation, sustain of mitochondrial membrane potential, slowness of the decline of PD. It slows the decline in subjects with early PD.	Somayajulu et al., 2005 Shults, 2002
(d) MitoQ	Reduction in mitochondrial fragmentation, diminishing the activation and translocation of Bax., inhibition of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mouse models.	Solesio et al., 2013 Ghosh et al., 2010
(e) Quercetin	Reduction in synuclein aggregation, boost of mitochondrial activity, depletion of oxidative stress	Bayazid and Lim, 2022