Fig. 1.
Proposed treatment algorithm for locally advanced rectal cancer in elderly/comorbid patients. Abbreviations: 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil; ADLs = activities of daily living; cCR = clinical complete response; CGA = comprehensive geriatric assessment; CIRS-G = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale–Geriatric; CRM = circumferential resection margins; CRT = chemoradiation; EBRT = external beam radiation therapy; DRE = digital rectal examination; ERUS = endorectal ultrasound; IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living; MGA = multidimensional geriatric assessment; RT = radiation therapy.