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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2023 Jun 16;53(16):7720–7728. doi: 10.1017/S0033291723001629

Table 3.

Direct and indirect effects, through age at menarche, of early adversity on accelerated aging (N = 385)

Predictor Outcome b S.E. β 95% CI P
Childhood income Early adversity −0.06 0.09 −0.10 [−0.22 to 0.12] 0.48
Childhood income Age at menarche −0.16 0.14 −0.13 [−0.45 to 0.11] 0.25
Childhood income Accelerated aging −1.22 0.62 −0.44 [−2.47 to −0.05] 0.049
Current income Accelerated aging −1.35 0.46 −0.49 [−2.04 to −0.50] 0.003
Age Accelerated aging −0.19 0.20 −0.08 [−0.59 to 0.18] 0.34
Race Early adversity −0.14 0.08 −0.24 [−0.30 to 0.02] 0.10
Race Age at menarche −0.62 0.14 −0.49 [−0.90 to −0.34] <0.001
Race Accelerated aging 1.50 0.52 0.54 [0.51–2.61] 0.004
Early adversity Age at menarche −0.46 0.14 −0.21 [−0.75 to −0.20] 0.001
Early adversity Accelerated aging −0.31 0.53 −0.06 [−1.33 to 0.91] 0.55
Age at menarche Accelerated aging −0.40 0.17 −0.18 [−0.73 to −0.04] 0.02
Indirect effect of adversity on aging through menarche 0.19 0.09 0.04 [0.03–0.44] 0.04
Indirect effect of race on aging through menarche 0.25 0.12 0.05 [0.04–0.52] 0.04

Note: Confidence intervals (CI) were generated via the non-parametric bias-corrected bootstrap based on 5000 replicate samples. Childhood income was categorized as less than $20 000/year or $20 000/year or more. Current income was categorized as less than $60 000/year or $60 000/year or more.