Table 1.
Characteristics of selected studies.
| No. | Study | Participants (H/C) | Types of CHD | Exercise program | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arthur et al[14] | n: 120/122 mean age: 64.2 ± 9.4 yr/62.5 ± 8.8 yr | Coronary artery bypass graft | Home-based: monitor and revise workouts by phone every 2 wk for a total of 6 mo; exercise 5 times a week recommended; 10–15 min warm up, 40 min aerobic exercise (mainly at participants’ own pace), 10–15 min cool down (slow walking, stretching) | VO2 peak, peak METs, resting heart rate, peak heart rate, weight, waist-to-hip ratio |
| Center-based: directly supervised by exercise experts; supervised exercise sessions 3 times a week for 6 mo; 10–15 min warm up (walking, stretching), 40 min aerobic (cycle ergometer, arm cycle ergometer, treadmill, track walking, stair climbing), 10–15 min cool down (walking, stretching) | |||||
| 2 | Avila et al[12] | n: 26/29 mean age: 62.2 ± 7.1 yr/62.0 ± 7.4 yr | Coronary artery disease | Home-based: feedback by phone or email once a week for a total of 12 wk; individualized exercise prescription; 150 min per week of exercise recommended | VO2 peak, peak heart rate, peak respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory thresholds, average steps per day, sit and rising test, handgrip strength, quadriceps maximal isometric knee extension strength and isokinetic total work, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, health-related quality of life (SF-36) |
| Center-based: outpatient walking-based training for a total of 12 wk; 3 weekly sessions consisting of about 45 min of endurance training followed by relaxation | |||||
| 3 | Batalik et al[15] | n: 23/21 mean age: 56.1 ± 6.8 yr/57.1 ± 7.9 yr | Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction | Home-based: feedback, motivation, and education conducted once a week for a total of 12 wk; exercise 3 times a week for 60 min | VO2 peak, peak heart rate, peak respiratory exchange ratio, body mass index, waist circumference, health-related quality of life (SF-36) |
| Center-based: phase 2 rehabilitation program under the supervision of a physical therapist and cardiologist at the hospital for a total of 12 wk; exercise 3 times a week for 60 min | |||||
| 4 | Frederix et al[16] | n: 81/85 mean age: 58 ± 9 yr/63 ± 10 yr | Acute coronary syndrome for which a percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft | Home-based: automated feedback is provided by email or SMS every week for a total of 18 wk; first 6 wk were in the hospital’s rehabilitation center, and was changed to home-based starting from the 7th week; no common routine between participants; for all physical activities such as walking, running, and biking, it was recommended that the patient increase the number of steps by 10% per week at baseline | VO2 peak, peak heart rate, peak respiratory exchange ratio, weight, body mass index, glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides |
| Center-based: a standard phase 2 rehabilitation program for a total of 18 wk | |||||
| 5 | Gordon et al[17] | n: 52/45 mean age: 61 ± 10 yr/60 ± 9 yr | Previously documented acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, transcatheter coronary artery intervention, and/or clinical diagnosis of angina pectoris | Home-based: a total duration of 12 wk; phone consultations at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 10; on-site counseling at week 6; no common routine among participants; individualized exercise program was prescribed | VO2 peak, body mass index, weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides |
| Center-based: a total duration of 12 wk; exercise training sessions occurred for 3 consecutive days per week | |||||
| 6 | Kraal et al[18] | n: 25/25 mean age: 60.6 ± 7.5 yr/56.1 ± 8.7 yr | Myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or a revascularisation procedure (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting) | Home-based: the physical therapist called once a week to provide feedback on training frequency, duration, and intensity for a total of 12 wk; exercising at least twice a week for 45–60 min per session | VO2 peak, maximal workload, peak heart rate, peak respiratory exchange ratio, health-related quality of life (MacNew questionnaire) |
| Center-based: conduct group-based training sessions with a treadmill or cycle ergometer under the supervision of a physical therapist and exercise specialist for a total of 12 wk; exercising at least twice a week for 45–60 min per session | |||||
| 7 | Maddison et al[13] | n: 82/80 mean age: 61.0 ± 13.2 yr/61.5 ± 12.2 yr | Atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation | Home-based: individual audio coaching and feedback in real time; without real-time interaction, participants reviewed automatic goal achievement feedback; a total duration of 12 wk with exercise 3 times per week; encouraged activity at least 5 d per week 30–60 min each session, including warm up and cool down; no common routine among participants, and individualized exercise program was prescribed | VO2 peak, height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, accelerometry, self-efficacy, intention, confidence, locus of causality, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) |
| Center-based: 12 wk of supervised exercise provided by a clinical exercise physiologist | |||||
| 8 | Varnfield et al[19] | n: 53/41 mean age: 54.9 ± 9.6 yr/56.2 ± 10.1 yr | Myocardial infarction | Home-based: patients motivate and educate and feedback was provided through SMS and audio and video files; weekly phone consultations; a total duration of 6 wk; the main exercise was walking, with at least 30 min of moderate activity (Borg scale: moderate) on most days of the week; personalized feedback provided | VO2 peak, peak heart rate, weight, body mass index, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), mental health (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21) |
| Center-based: performed an individualized and supervised circuit-based exercise program of light to moderate intensity according to Borg scale for a total of 6 wk; 2 weekly supervised workouts and 1-h education sessions |
C = center-based, CHD = coronary heart disease, EQ-5D = Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension, H = home-based, HbA1c = hemoglobin A1 c, MET = metabolic equivalent of task, SF-36 = 36-Item Short-Form Survey.