Table 3.

A summary of the opportunities to diagnose UTUC recurrence, clinicopathological characteristics of primary NMIBC, and pathological T categories of UTUC.

Patients	The opportunities of UTUC diagnosis	Clinical T category of primary NMIBC	Grade (WHO 2004)	CIS	Risk classification†	Intravesical therapy after initial TURBT	Treatment for UTUC	Pathological T category of UTUC	Periods for UTUC recurrence
1	Routine imaging	T1	HG	Negative	Highest	BCG	Operation	pTa	171
2	Routine imaging	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT2	136
3	Routine imaging	T1	HG	Negative	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT2	123
4	Urine cytology	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT2	111
5	Cystoscopy	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT1	84
6	Gross hematuria	T1	LG	Negative	High	None	Operation	pTa	74
7	Unknown	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT1	53
8	Urine cytology	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	BCG into upper urinary tract	Unknown	48
9	Routine imaging	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT2	48
10	Routine imaging	T1	LG	Negative	High	None	Operation	pT1	39
11	Routine imaging	Tis	HG	Positive	High	BCG	Unknown	Unknown	39
12	Routine imaging	T1	LG	Negative	High	BCG	Operation	pT3	38
13	Routine imaging	Tis	HG	Positive	High	BCG	Operation	pT2	36
14	Routine imaging	T1	HG	Negative	High	BCG	Operation	pT2	34
15	Routine imaging	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT2	27
16	Unknown	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	None	Operation	pT3	18
17	Routine imaging	Tis	HG	Positive	High	BCG	Operation	pT0 after NAC	14
18	Routine imaging	Tis	HG	Positive	High	BCG	Operation	pTis	7
19	Cystoscopy	T1	HG	Positive	Highest	BCG	Operation	pT1	3

BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CIS: carcinoma in situ; HG: high grade; LG: low grade; NAC: neoadjuvant chemotherapy; NMIBC: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; UTUC: upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma; WHO: world health organization. ^†The risk was classified according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer 2019 [14].