Table 4.
Advantages and disadvantages of direct measurement methods
| Measurement | Ref | Detection limit | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSC | (Villa-Alfageme et al. 2016) | 0.85 Bq/L |
1. Directly measure 210Pb weak beta rays 2. Low detection limit |
1. The effect of 210Bi of new growth on measurement needs to be corrected 2. Chemical and color quenching |
| (Pan et al. 2018) | 38.0 mBq/g | |||
| γ spectrometry | (Meli et al. 2013) | 18.9 Bq/kg |
1. Non-destructive measurement 2. No or simple sample pretreatment |
1. Low detection efficiency 2. High self-absorption 3. Demand for large sample quantity |
| (Grabowski et al. 2010) | < 6.2 mBq/dm3 | |||
| ICP-MS | (Amr et al. 2010) | 0.698 Bq/mL | Shorter measurement time |
1. Higher detection limit 2. Expensive instrument |
| (Baskaran et al. 2018) | 45–50 mBq/L |