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. 2024 May 9;56(4):3794–3813. doi: 10.3758/s13428-024-02376-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Differences and agreements between different varieties of English. a Left-hand side: correlations between the values on each rating dimension, Study 1 production frequency, and written frequency, for the different variants of the same language (English), computed on the shared items between these variants (AU: Australia; CA: Canada; GB: Great Britain; SG: Singapore; US: United States of America); the short horizontal lines indicate the correlation value between a pair of variants, the box next to the line indicates the pair of variants for which the correlation was computed. Right-hand side: the number of these shared items between pairs of variants. Note that the number of shared items is exactly the same for SG–US and SG–GB; thus, the latter is not visible in the plot. b Left-hand side of each plot: offensiveness (left plot)/tabooness (right plot) ratings by language variant for all the items appearing in at least four out of the five variants of English. Right-hand side of each plot: production frequency in Study 1 and written corpus frequency for these items (mean values)