Table 3.

Summary of how the theoretical domains framework (TDF)) was used in the included studies (n = 11)

Authors	Study design	Study population	Purpose of using theory/model/framework	Aspect of the research using theory/ model/framework
Cardwell et al. [32]	Qualitative; semi-structures interviews	Community pharmacists	To identify facilitators and barriers towards the utilization of a screening tool as a guide to conducting structured medicines use review (MURs)	Interview guide
Isenor [29]et al.	Quantitative; cross-sectional survey	Licensed pharmacists that are members of the Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia	To identify barriers and facilitators to pharmacist prescribing	Questionnaire development
Rushworth et al. [50]	Quantitative; survey	Patients	To identify issues of access to general practitioners, community pharmacies and prescribed medicines in older people resident in the Scottish Highlands	Questionnaire development
Seubert et al. [55]	Mixed methods; systematic review, focus groups, intervention development, intervention feasibility study	Pharmacy staff and consumers	To identify barriers and facilitators for information exchange during OTC consultations in community pharmacies	Data analysis
Seubert et al. [54]	Mixed methods study; audio-recording, OTC consultations, consumer questionnaires and interviews, and pharmacy personnel interviews	Pharmacy staff and consumers	To explore intervention functions and the resulting behavioural change techniques that would most suitably address these barriers were identified	Data analysis and interpretation
Paudyal et al. [40]	Quantitative; survey	Community pharmacists	To determine community pharmacists’ training, experiences and behavioural determinants in counselling and management of homeless population	Questionnaire development
Hussein et al. [65]	Mixed methods; survey, semi-structured interviews	Pharmacists	To identify barrier and facilitators influencing the adoption of full scope services among pharmacy professionals	Questionnaire and interview design, data, triangulation of findings
Mohammed et al. [66]	Qualitative; interviews	Pharmacists	To explore pharmacist’s perceptions, current opportunities and key challenges towards the uptake of non-traditional roles	Data analysis
Patton et al. [31]	Mixed methods; semi-structured interviews, cross-sectional survey	Community pharmacists	To identify barriers and facilitators influencing community pharmacists’ provision of medication adherence support (MAS) to older patients prescribed multiple medications	Interview guide, questionnaire development, data analysis and interpretation
Alenezi et al. [27]	Qualitative; semi-structures interviews	Community pharmacists	To explore pharmacists' roles, barriers and determinants related to pharmacists’ involvement in optimizing prescribed opioids for patients with chronic pain	Interview guide
Lindner et al. [28]	Quantitative; cross-sectional survey	Community pharmacists	To identify relevant requirements and barriers to implementation of an immunization service and desired training specifications	Questionnaire development