Table 1.
Available studies concerning the arthroscopic treatment in scaphoid nonunion according to the inclusion criteria
| Study | Type of study | No. of patients | Mean FU duration | Average union time | Union rate | Fixation technique | Bone graft | Clinical evaluation parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waitayawinyu et al. [14] | RS | 22 | 32.5 mths | 15, 3 wks | 100% | Screw | Autologous olecranon | VAS score for pain; ROM; grip strength; MMWS; DASH score; MCIDs of DASH |
| Lee et al. [15] | RS | 15 | 30 mths | 9, 7 wks | 100% | K-wire | Autologous iliac crest | ROM; grip strength; MMWS; VAS for pain |
| Wu et al. [16] | RS | 20 | 31 mths | 14 wks | 100% | K-wire (12) screw (6) K-wire + screw (2) | Autologous iliac crest | Grip strength; patient-reported outcome measures; ROM |
| Hsiung et al. [17] | RS | 41 | 38.1 mths | 4, 6 mths | 92.6% | Screw | Autologous distal radius | VAS for pain; ROM; grip strength |
| Wang et al. [18] | RS | 21 | 31.3 mths | 16, 3 wks | 90.5% | Screw | Autologous 8 iliac crest 13 distal radius | DASH; ROM; grip strength; VAS for pain |
| 2019 Wong et al. [19] | RS | 125 | 34 mths | 14 wks | 90.3% | Screw (38) K-wire (87) | Autologous iliac crest | ROM; grip strength; wrist function performance score; VAS for pain; return to work status |
| Liu et al. [20] | RS | 25 | 21 mths | Stable fx: 11 wks unstable fx: 13 wks | 100% | Screw | Autologous iliac crest or distal radius | ROM; MWS; PRWE |
| Lee et al. [21] | RS | 27 | 18 mths | 10 wks | 96% | K-wire | Autologous iliac crest | ROM; pinch strength; grip strength; MWS; VAS for pain |
| Oh et al. [22] | RCoS | 28 art 34 open | 39.6 mths | Not specified | 96.4–97.1% | Screw | Not specified | VAS for pain; ROM; grip strength; MWS; DASH |
| Cognet et al. [23] | PS | 23 | 17.3 mths | 4 mths | 100% | Various techniques with screw and K-wire | Autologous distal radius | VAS for pain; ROM; grip strength |
| Kang et al. [24] | RS | 33 | 33 mths | 8–10 wks | 97% | Screw | Autologous iliac crest | VAS for pain; grip strength; ROM; MWS; DASH |
| Kim et al. [25] | RS | 36 | 37 mths | 11 wks | 86% | Screw | Autologous distal radius 16 patients (44%) | ROM; grip strength; DASH; PRWE; MMWS |
N° Number; FU Follow-up; RS: retrospective study; RCoS Retrospective comparative study; PS Prospective study; mths Months; wks Weeks; art Arthroscopic; open Open surgery; fx Fracture; VAS Visual analog scale; MMWS Mayo modified wrist score; MWS Mayo wrist score; DASH Disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand score; MCID Minimal clinically important difference; ROM Range of motion; PRWE Patient-rated wrist evaluation score