Table 2.
Hyperkalemia recurrence and healthcare resource utilization following medical nutrition therapy among patients with ≥ 6 months of follow-up in the total study cohort and selected subgroups
| Total (N = 1503) | Patient subgroup | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 3b CKD (n = 472) | Stage 4 CKD (n = 614) | Heart failure (n = 861) | Baseline RAASi (n = 681) | ||
| Number of HK recurrences, n (%)a | |||||
| 0 | 661 (44.0) | 216 (45.8) | 249 (40.6) | 376 (43.7) | 314 (46.1) |
| 1 | 356 (23.7) | 107 (22.7) | 142 (23.1) | 200 (23.2) | 166 (24.4) |
| 2 | 195 (13.0) | 54 (11.4) | 94 (15.3) | 111 (12.9) | 88 (12.9) |
| 3 | 87 (5.8) | 30 (6.4) | 38 (6.2) | 56 (6.5) | 33 (4.8) |
| 4 | 79 (5.3) | 32 (6.8) | 28 (4.6) | 43 (5.0) | 28 (4.1) |
| 5 | 50 (3.3) | 15 (3.2) | 24 (3.9) | 29 (3.4) | 17 (2.5) |
| ≥ 6 | 75 (5.0) | 18 (3.8) | 39 (6.4) | 46 (5.3) | 35 (5.1) |
| Change in serum K+ from baseline to first HK recurrence (mmol/L) | |||||
| Mean ± SDb | −0.1 ± 0.6 | −0.1 ± 0.6 | −0.1 ± 0.7 | −0.1 ± 0.6 | −0.1 ± 0.6 |
| Serum K+ at recurrence (mmol/L), mean ± SDb | |||||
| First | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.5 |
| Second | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.3 |
| Third | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.4 |
| Fourth | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.5 |
| Fifth | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.3 |
| Sixth | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 |
| Time to each HK recurrence (days), mean ± SDb | |||||
| First | 45 ± 46 | 45 ± 48 | 43 ± 44 | 42 ± 44 | 47 ± 48 |
| Second | 35 ± 37 | 38 ± 40 | 31 ± 34 | 35 ± 37 | 36 ± 38 |
| Third | 29 ± 29 | 33 ± 33 | 28 ± 27 | 26 ± 26 | 27 ± 28 |
| Fourth | 27 ± 26 | 27 ± 25 | 30 ± 30 | 26 ± 24 | 27 ± 27 |
| Fifth | 24 ± 22 | 19 ± 14 | 24 ± 22 | 22 ± 24 | 24 ± 22 |
| Sixth | 20 ± 19 | 16 ± 12 | 20 ± 17 | 22 ± 22 | 22 ± 16 |
| Patients with HK-related HRU, n (%)a | |||||
| Hospitalization | 206 (13.7) | 65 (13.8) | 96 (15.6) | 121 (14.1) | 94 (13.8) |
| ED visit | 22 (1.5) | 5 (1.1) | 11 (1.8) | 10 (1.2) | 12 (1.8) |
| Patients with all-cause HRU, n (%)a | |||||
| Hospitalization | 955 (63.5) | 291 (61.7) | 408 (66.4) | 594 (69.0) | 420 (61.7) |
| ED visit | 339 (22.6) | 119 (25.2) | 137 (22.3) | 202 (23.5) | 160 (23.5) |
| Mortalityc | 325 (15.9) | 102 (15.5) | 156 (18.2) | 224 (19.0) | 135 (15.1) |
CKD chronic kidney disease, ED emergency department, HK hyperkalemia, HRU healthcare resource utilization, K+ potassium, RAASi renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor, SD standard deviation
aAnalyses included patients with ≥ 6 months of follow-up
bAnalyses included patients with ≥ 6 months of follow-up and a sufficient number of HK recurrences
cMortality analyses included all patients in each cohort without censoring