Table 5.
Evaluation of the implementation effect of labor education for college students (China, 2023, n = 27).
| Question | Before | After | Before vs. After | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |||
| n | 12 | 15 | 12 | 15 | – | |
| Q1 Do you feel there is a lot of waste in the cafeteria? | Not serious | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | – |
| A little serious, but acceptable | 6 | 12 | 7 | 9 | – | |
| More serious and requires measures | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | – | |
| It does not matter | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Z | −0.528 | −2.050 | −0.423 | |||
| P | 0.598 | 0.040* | 0.672 | |||
| Q2 What is your level of food waste per meal? | Almost no waste | 9 | 2 | 7 | 2 | – |
| Waste a little (<10%) | 1 | 8 | 3 | 8 | – | |
| Less waste (10–30%) | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | – | |
| Comparatively large amount of waste (30–50%) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | – | |
| Large amount of waste (>50%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Z | −2.690 | −2.126 | −0.303 | |||
| P | 0.007* | 0.034* | 0.762 | |||
| Q3 How often do you waste food each week? | 0–1 time per week | 11 | 4 | 11 | 5 | – |
| 2–3 times per week | 1 | 5 | 1 | 6 | – | |
| 4–5 times per week | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | – | |
| More than 5 times per week | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | – | |
| Z | −3.324 | −3.023 | −0.456 | |||
| P | 0.001* | 0.003* | 0.648 | |||
| Q4 Do you feel self-conscious about the waste caused by leftovers? | Regularly | 7 | 3 | 8 | 7 | – |
| Occasionally | 5 | 10 | 4 | 7 | – | |
| Not usually | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | – | |
| Not at all | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Z | −2.185 | −1.118 | −1.363 | |||
| P | 0.029* | 0.264 | 0.173 | |||
| Q5 What is your attitude toward your classmates wasting food? | Stop it now | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | – |
| I do not like it, but I’m too embarrassed to stop it | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | – | |
| It does not matter. It’s normal | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| It’s someone else’s business | 5 | 4 | 0 | 3 | – | |
| I’ll tell the student privately | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | – | |
| χ 2 | 4.621 | 4.117 | 13.831 | |||
| P | 0.328 | 0.249 | 0.008* | |||
| Q6 Do you think the signs posted on the cafeteria about saving food work for you? | It does not work at all | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – |
| It works a little bit | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | – | |
| Sometimes it works | 4 | 7 | 5 | 2 | – | |
| Serve a valuable purpose | 4 | 1 | 6 | 7 | – | |
| Z | −1.177 | −0.897 | −2.274 | |||
| P | 0.239 | 0.370 | 0.023* | |||
The results were shown as frequency. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test. *p < 0.05 compared to the control group.