Figure 3.

Sex differences in antibody magnitude in tonsil organoids in response to LAIV. Culture supernatants were collected from unstimulated and influenza stimulated tonsil organoids (n=35; 17 male, 18 female) on day 7 to measure influenza-specific antibodies by ELISA. Influenza-specific antibody secretion from unstimulated and LAIV-stimulated organoids on a (A) per-donor and (B) sex-stratified basis. Correlation between the secreted antibody levels in LAIV-stimulated organoids and (C) the age of the tissue donors, (D) the frequency of plasmablasts on day 7. (E) Representative flow cytometry plots showing A/California 2009 H1N1 HA+ B cells in ex vivo tonsils and day 10 unstimulated or LAIV-stimulated tonsil organoids. (F) A/California 2009 H1N1 HA+ B cells and HA+ plasmablasts in ex vivo tonsil tissues (n=20, 10 male, 10 female). (G) HA+ B cells and HA+ plasmablasts in unstimulated and LAIV stimulated tonsil organoids on day 10 (n=20; 10 male, 10 female). Mann Whitney U tests were used to calculate p values between groups. Spearman’s rank correlation test and multiple linear regression were performed to calculate linear regression values. Boxplots indicate the median value, with hinges denoting the first and third quartiles and whiskers denoting the highest and lowest value within 1.5 times the interquartile range of the hinges.