Fig. 1.

A diagram illustrating the light-dependent and light-independent reaction steps in the photosynthesis process. During the light-dependent reaction, the excited electron replacement and generation of hydrogen occur through the photolysis of water molecules, then ATP and NADPH are produced to be supplied to the Calvin cycle of light-independent reaction to fix carbon dioxide into sugar. The sketch was drawn based on the information provided by Marchand et al. [101].