Table 1.
Ethnomedicinal usage of Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora species.
| Plant Species | Plant Part | Ethnomedicinal Uses | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| T. cordifolia | Whole plant, root | HIV drug resistance and HIV protease inhibitors. Tyramine is a neuro-modulator used to inhibit neurotransmitters and treat depression and anxiety. | [[22], [23], [24]] |
| Stem, root | Anticancer, antiviral. | [22,[25], [26], [27]] | |
| Whole plant | Antiviral, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-hypertensive, Anti-microbial. | [[28], [29], [30], [31], [32]] | |
| Stem | Treat neurological impairments, such as those brought on by ALS, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and aberrant movement. | [[33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]] | |
| Stem, aerial part | Osteoporosis and IgA neuropathy are brought on by glucocorticoids in early inflammatory arthritis. | [[40], [41], [42], [43]] | |
| T. crispa | Whole plant | Anti-diabetic | [44] |
| Stem | Anti-inflammatory | [45] | |
| T. baenzigeri | stem | Antimalarial | [21] |
| T. sinensis | Root | Diuretic, immunomodulatory, acute rheumatoid arthritis, Antidepressant and aphrodisiac activity, | [46,47] |
| Whole plant | Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Activity of hyperlipidemia |