Fig. 3.

XRD patterns of pristine VGNWs (black curve) and WC on VGNWs (red curves). Diffraction peaks correspond to graphite (crystal orientations depicted in magenta), W₂C (crystal orientations depicted in black), WO₃ (crystal orientations depicted in blue) and WO₂ (crystal orientations depicted in red), revealing the formation of a hybrid structure consisting of both carbide and oxide domains.