TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Atrial Arrhythmias That Degenerated Into AF
| Control | VEGF | αCT11 | PxIL2P | Mefloquine | Spironolactone | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experiments | 15 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Animals that experienced AF | 3 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| AF episodes | 5 | 110 | 6 | 16 | 10 | 8 |
| AF episodes ≥30 s | 4 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| Average episodes/animal tested | 0.33 | 5.50 | 0.60 | 1.60 | 1.00 | 0.80 |
| Average episodes ≥30 s/animal tested | 0.27 | 0.75 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Average episodes/animal experiencing AF | 1.67 | 7.86 | 1.5 | 2.67 | 10.0 | 8.0 |
| Average episodes ≥30s/animal experiencing AF | 1.33 | 1.07 | 0.5 | 0.83 | 1 | 0 |
| Mean duration, s | 126.8 | 37.7 | 89.9 | 23.8 | 8.5 | 4.5 |
| SD, s | 109.8 | 104.8 | 152.2 | 36.0 | 10.5 | 3.6 |
| P value vs VEGF (2-sample KS test comparing mean durations; P values multiplied by Bonferroni’s correction factor for each group, α = 0.05) | 1.10 × 10−7 | – | 3.79 × 10−8 | 5.68 × 10−16 | 6.60 × 10−24 | 2.40 × 10−22 |
| Median duration, s | 93.9 | 4.4 | 17.2 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 4.0 |
| P value vs VEGF (Wilcoxon’s test comparing mean durations; P values multiplied by Bonferroni’s correction factor for each group, α = 0.05) | 1.74 | – | 0.415 | 6.62 × 10−7 | 1.96 × 10−15 | 1.95 × 10−13 |
| Max duration, s | 272.0 | 620.5 | 387.8 | 125.5 | 30.5 | 12.1 |
Values are n unless otherwise specified. Number, duration, and characteristics of atrial arrhythmias observed in our in vivo studies. A 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used to compare the distributions of arrhythmia durations between groups. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to compare median arrhythmia durations between groups.
AF = atrial fibrillation; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.