Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants assigned to receive an eight week online group rehabilitation programme* or usual care. Values are number (percentage) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Intervention (n=298) | Usual care (n=287) | Total (n=585) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 56.1 (12.1) | 56.2 (12.3) | 56.1 (12.2) |
| Female sex | 162 (54) | 143 (50) | 305 (52) |
| Non-white ethnicity | 33 (11) | 35 (12) | 68 (11) |
| Mean (SD) body mass index | 33.0 (7.7) | 32.8 (8.0) | 32.9 (7.8) |
| Smoking status: | |||
| Current smoker | 8 (3) | 4 (1) | 12 (2) |
| Former smoker | 118 (40) | 121 (42) | 239 (41) |
| Never smoker | 172 (58) | 162 (56) | 334 (57) |
| Employment status: | |||
| Post-school training | 230 (77) | 233 (81) | 463 (79) |
| Full time work | 160 (54) | 162 (57) | 322 (55) |
| Part time work | 45 (15) | 37 (13) | 82 (14) |
| Full/part time education | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (0) |
| Unemployed | 10 (3) | 4 (1) | 14 (2) |
| Retired | 49 (16) | 62 (22) | 111 (19) |
| Unable to work, health | 27 (9) | 20 (7) | 47 (8) |
| Other | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 6 (1) |
| Unable to work, covid-19 | 125 (42) | 97 (34) | 222 (38) |
| Comorbidities: | |||
| Heart or circulation | 77 (26) | 99 (35) | 176 (30) |
| Chest or breathing | 226 (76) | 218 (76) | 444 (76) |
| Kidney or bladder | 50 (17) | 53 (19) | 103 (18) |
| Stomach, bowel, or abdomen | 93 (31) | 83 (29) | 176 (30) |
| Endocrine | 92 (31) | 83 (29) | 175 (30) |
| Musculoskeletal | 143 (48) | 132 (46) | 275 (47) |
| Brain or nervous system | 67 (23) | 67 (23) | 134 (23) |
| Blood or clotting | 48 (16) | 62 (22) | 110 (19) |
| Other health problem | 117 (39) | 123 (43) | 240 (41) |
| Admission to ICU/HDU | 102 (34) | 99 (35) | 201 (34) |
| Mean (SD) time from discharge (days) | 331 (151) | 314 (137) | 323 (144) |
| Mean (SD) PROPr score | 0.20 (0.17) | 0.20 (0.17) | 0.20 (0.17) |
| EQ-5D-5L: | |||
| Mean (SD) index score | 0.55 (0.27) | 0.55 (0.25) | 0.55 (0.26) |
| Mean (SD) VAS score | 55.6 (19.7) | 53.2 (19.9) | 54.4 (19.8) |
| Mean (SD) PTSD IES-R total score | 30.3 (19.7) | 31.0 (19.7) | 30.6 (19.7) |
| PTSD IES-6: | |||
| Mean (SD) total score† | 9.06 (6.0) | 9.25 (6.0) | 9.15 (6.0) |
| Score ≥11† | 114 (38) | 116 (40) | 230 (39) |
| HADS anxiety: | |||
| Mean (SD) score | 9.0 (5.3) | 9.4 (4.9) | 9.2 (5.1) |
| Score ≥11† | 122 (41) | 120 (42) | 242 (41) |
| HADS depression: | |||
| Mean (SD) score | 8.8 (4.7) | 9.0 (4.5) | 8.9 (4.6) |
| Score ≥11† | 101 (34) | 109 (38) | 210 (36) |
| Mean (SD) PROMIS: | |||
| Dyspnoea | 55.1 (8.7) | 55.4 (8.6) | 55.2 (8.7) |
| Cognitive | 39.4 (9.2) | 39.0 (9.2) | 39.2 (9.2) |
| IPAQ-SF (MET mins/week): | |||
| <600 (low) | 130 (44) | 105 (37) | 235 (40) |
| ≥600-3000 (moderate) | 89 (30) | 98 (34) | 187 (32) |
| ≥3000 (high) | 78 (26) | 84 (29) | 162 (28) |
SD=standard deviation; ICU=intensive care unit; HDU=high dependency unit; PROPr=patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) preference score; EQ-5D-5L=EuroQol 5 dimension 5 level; VAS=visual analogue scale; PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder; IES-R=index of event scale-revised; IES-6=index of event scale-6; HADS=hospital anxiety and depression scale; IPAQ-SF=international physical activity questionnaire-short form; MET=metabolic equivalent of task (1 MET is equivalent to resting energy expenditure (ie, 3.5 mL/kg/min)).
Percentages may add up to >100% as participants could be included in multiple categories.
Rehabilitation Exercise and psycholoGical support After COVID-19 InfectioN (REGAIN) intervention.
Threshold for case level mental health disorder.