Table 2.
Characteristics of the neonate in the EFL protocol group and PSL protocol group
| Birth characteristic | Singleton births | Multiple births | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFL protocol (n = 995) |
LPS protocol (n = 1562) |
Standardize diff. | P-value | EFL protocol (n = 815) |
LPS protocol (n = 1138) |
Standardize diff. | P-value | ||
| Gestational age at delivery(wk) | 38.52 ± 1.63 | 38.85 ± 1.68 | 0.19 (0.11, 0.28) | < 0.001 | 36.12 ± 2.36 | 36.69 ± 2.19 | 0.25 (0.16, 0.34) | < 0.001 | |
| Full-term birth | 897 (90.15%) | 1425 (91.23%) | 0.04 (-0.04, 0.12) | 0.375 | 444 (54.48%) | 739 (64.94%) | 0.21 (0.12, 0.30) | < 0.001 | |
| Newborn gender | 0.01 (-0.07, 0.09) | 0.831 | 0.01 (-0.08, 0.10) | 0.752 | |||||
| Female | 483 (48.54%) | 765 (48.98%) | 393 (48.22%) | 557 (48.95%) | |||||
| Male | 512 (51.46%) | 797 (51.02%) | 422 (51.78%) | 581 (51.05%) | |||||
| Sex ratio, male/female | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.04 | |||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3375.56 ± 523.19 | 3382.30 ± 526.38 | 0.01 (-0.07, 0.09) | 0.755 | 2519.45 ± 507.77 | 2560.56 ± 491.20 | 0.08 (-0.01, 0.17) | 0.075 | |
| Type of birth weight | 0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) | 0.662 | 0.12 (0.03, 0.21) | 0.11 | |||||
| normal birth weight | 840 (87.50%) | 1322 (86.63%) | 478 (59.82%) | 705 (63.46%) | |||||
| LBW (< 2,500 g) | 39 (4.06%) | 58 (3.80%) | 286 (35.79%) | 368 (33.12%) | |||||
| VLBW (< 1,500 g) | 3 (0.31%) | 9 (0.59%) | 35 (4.38%) | 35 (3.15%) | |||||
| Macrosomia (> 4,000 g) | 78 (8.12%) | 137 (8.98%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.27%) | |||||
| Birth length(cm) | 50.43 ± 2.05 | 49.76 ± 2.65 | 0.28 (0.04, 0.52) | 0.013 | 47.69 ± 3.50 | 47.47 ± 3.08 | 0.07 (-0.23, 0.36) | 0.674 | |
| SGA (< 10th percentile) | 29 (3.01%) | 67 (4.37%) | 0.07 (-0.01, 0.15) | 0.083 | 175 (22.01%) | 298 (26.58%) | 0.11 (0.02, 0.20) | 0.022 | |
| AGA (10th ~ 90th percentile) | 658 (68.19%) | 1067 (69.65%) | 0.03 (-0.05, 0.11) | 0.442 | 602 (75.72%) | 810 (72.26%) | 0.08 (-0.01, 0.17) | 0.09 | |
| LGA (> 90th percentile) | 278 (28.81%) | 398 (25.98%) | 0.06 (-0.02, 0.14) | 0.121 | 18 (2.26%) | 13 (1.16%) | 0.09 (-0.01, 0.18) | 0.059 | |
| Congenital malformation | 10 (1.01%) | 31 (1.98%) | 0.08 (0.00, 0.16) | 0.055 | 16 (1.96%) | 28 (2.46%) | 0.03 (-0.06, 0.12) | 0.465 | |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables
LBW = low birth weight; VLBW = very low birth weight; SGA = small for gestational age; AGA = appropriate for gestational age, LGA = large for gestational age