Table 4.
The association of oral frailty and physical frailty with executive function among older adults
| Independent variables | Overall participants | Female group | Male group | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude model | Adjusted model | Crude model | Adjusted model | Crude model | Adjusted model | |||||||||||||
| B (95% CI)a | p-value | B (95% CI)a | p-value | B (95% CI)a | p-value | B (95% CI)a | p-value | B (95% CI)a | p-value | B (95% CI)a | p-value | |||||||
| Overall participants | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age by group | 0.14 (0.06, 0.22) | 0.001 | 0.07 (-0.04, 0.19) | 0.193 | 0.2 (0.09, 0.31) | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Education level | -0.14 (-0.2, -0.09) | < 0.001 | -0.17 (-0.25, -0.1) | < 0.001 | -0.11 (-0.19, -0.04) | 0.004 | ||||||||||||
| Average monthly income | -0.03 (-0.09, 0.03) | 0.330 | -0.04 (-0.13, 0.05) | 0.366 | -0.02 (-0.11, 0.06) | 0.618 | ||||||||||||
| Oral frailty (yes) | 0.17 (0.05, 0.29) | 0.006 | 0.12 (0.01, 0.22) | 0.037 | 0.29 (0.12, 0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.21 (0.05, 0.36) | 0.009 | 0.06 (-0.11, 0.22) | 0.508 | 0 (-0.16, 0.15) | 0.959 | ||||||
| Physical frailty (yes) | 0.06 (-0.06, 0.18) | 0.309 | -0.01 (-0.18, 0.16) | 0.941 | 0.12 (-0.04, 0.28) | 0.136 | ||||||||||||
| Sex (female) | -0.13 (-0.22, -0.04) | 0.005 | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-Physical frailty group | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age by group | 0.16 (0.08, 0.25) | < 0.001 | 0.08 (-0.05, 0.2) | 0.225 | 0.27 (0.14, 0.39) | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Education level | -0.14 (-0.2, -0.08) | < 0.001 | -0.17 (-0.26, -0.09) | < 0.001 | -0.1 (-0.18, -0.02) | 0.017 | ||||||||||||
| Average monthly income | -0.03 (-0.1, 0.04) | 0.401 | -0.07 (-0.17, 0.04) | 0.199 | -0.01 (-0.1, 0.09) | 0.899 | ||||||||||||
| Oral frailty (yes) | 0.17 (0.03, 0.3) | 0.016 | 0.1 (-0.02, 0.22) | 0.113 | 0.29 (0.11, 0.47) | 0.002 | 0.19 (0.02, 0.36) | 0.027 | 0.02 (-0.17, 0.22) | 0.807 | -0.05 (-0.23, 0.14) | 0.625 | ||||||
| Sex (female) | -0.16 (-0.26, -0.06) | 0.002 | ||||||||||||||||
| Physical frailty group | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age by group | 0.35 (-15.56, 16.27) | 0.964 | 6.45 (-24.39, 37.29) | 0.666 | -0.04 (-19.38, 19.3) | 0.997 | ||||||||||||
| Education level | -16.17 (-27.41, -4.94) | 0.006 | -17.94 (-33.56, -2.32) | 0.027 | -10.02 (-30.88, 10.85) | 0.332 | ||||||||||||
| Average monthly income | 0.26 (-13.84, 14.36) | 0.971 | 8.21 (-12.34, 28.75) | 0.413 | -9.38 (-34.91, 16.16) | 0.456 | ||||||||||||
| Oral frailty (yes) | 21.57 (-1.34, 44.48) | 0.064 | 23.68 (1.37, 45.99) | 0.038 | 42.45 (0.45, 84.45) | 0.048 | 48.69 (7.17, 90.21) | 0.024 | 11.6 (-16.18, 39.38) | 0.399 | 10.77 (-16.42, 37.96) | 0.422 | ||||||
| Sex (female) | -0.4 (-20.39, 19.59) | 0.968 | ||||||||||||||||
Notes: In all models, the dependent variable was executive function. The associations between constants and dependent variables of all linear regression analyses were significant which were not shown in the table. B (95% CI)a: Unstandardized regression coefficient B and 95% confidence interval of coefficient B
The adjustment variables were “Age by group”, “Education level”, “Average monthly income”, “Physical frailty” (“Physical frailty” did not serve as an adjustment variable in the non-physical or physical frailty group.), and “Sex” (“Sex” did not serve as an adjustment variable in female or male group)