Exhibit 1.

Characteristics of pregnancy-related deaths with a known cause of death in 14 US states, 2008–17

Characteristics	All known causes of death (N = 421)		Attributable to causes other than mental health conditions (n = 375)		Attributable to mental health conditions (n = 46)		p valuea
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Mother’s race/ethnicity							<0.001
Hispanic	33	8	30	8	3	7
Non-Hispanic Black	158	38	157	43	1	2
Non-Hispanic White	202	49	164	45	38	86
Non-Hispanic other	18	4	16	4	2	5
Missing	10	—b	8	—b	2	—b
Mother’s age, years							0.51
15–24	102	25	88	24	14	31
25–34	205	50	183	50	22	49
35 or older	103	25	94	26	9	20
Missing	11	—b	10	—b	1	—b
Mother’s educational attainment							0.28
High school or less	217	54	193	54	24	52
Some college	78	19	68	19	10	22
Associate’s or bachelor’s degree	71	18	60	17	11	24
Advanced degree	35	9	34	10	1	2
Missing	20	—b	20	—b	0	—b
Covered by Medicaid during prenatal
care or at time of delivery							0.47
Yes	191	57	166	56	25	63
No	143	43	128	44	15	38
Missing	87	—b	81	—b	6	—b
Preventability of mother’s death							<0.001
Preventable	226	68	189	64	37	100
Not preventable	106	32	106	36	0	0
Missing	89	—b	80	—b	9	—b
Timing of mother’s death in relation
to pregnancy							<0.001
During pregnancy	139	33	130	35	9	20
Within 42 days postpartum	183	44	175	47	8	17
43–365 days postpartum	95	23	66	18	29	63
Missing	4	—b	4	—b	0	—b

source Authors’ analysis of pregnancy-related deaths with known cause of death occurring during the period 2008–17 and reviewed by fourteen state Maternal Mortality Review Committees (states and years provided in the text).

^aFor comparisons of the characteristics of people with pregnancy-related deaths attributable to mental health conditions and the characteristics of those with pregnancy-related deaths attributable to all other causes, p value calculated using chi-square test, with Fisher’s exact test used for expected cell counts less than 5.

^bNot applicable.