Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| MS | HC | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 95 | N = 17 | ||
| Mean Age (SD), years | 45.2 (10.5) | 42.2 (13.7) | |
| Female sex (%) | 66 (69.5) | 11 (64.7) | |
| Median Disease Duration [min-max], years | 11.4 [0.4–47.8] | n/a | |
| Median Number of Relapses in Past 12 months [min-max] | 0 [0–3] | n/a | |
| Relapses Treated with Corticosteroids in Past 30 days (%) | 4 (4.2) | n/a | |
| Clinical phenotype (%) | n/a | ||
| Relapsing-remitting | 76 (80) | ||
| Secondary Progressive | 8 (8.4) | ||
| Primary Progressive | 11 (11.6) | ||
| Disease Modifying Therapy (%) | None | 19 (20) | n/a |
| Interferon | 2 (2.1) | n/a | |
| Glatiramer Acetate | 7 (7.4) | n/a | |
| Natalizumab | 12 (12.6) | n/a | |
| Teriflunomide | 2 (2.1) | n/a | |
| S1P Modulator | 9 (9.5) | n/a | |
| Fumarates | 13 (13.7) | n/a | |
| Anti-CD-20 Therapy | 30 (31.6) | n/a | |
| Corticosteroids | 0 | n/a | |
| Other | 1 (1.1) | n/a | |
| Disability Scales | Median EDSS | 2.5 [0–6.5] | n/a |
| [min-max] | |||
| Median 9HPT | 22.6 [15.6–425.7] | 19.9 | |
| [min-max] | [16.8–29.5] | ||
| Median T25W | 5.3* | 4.3* | |
| [min-max] | [3.2–161] | [3.6–5.3] | |
| Mean SDMT (SD) | 53.9 (15.1) | 56.8 (11.2) | |
| Mean PASAT (SD) | 45 [0–60] | 46 [15–60] | |
HC = healthy control, MS = multiple sclerosis, SD = standard deviation. EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9HPT = Nine Hole Peg Test (in seconds), T25W = Timed 25-foot walk (in seconds), SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test (# correct), PASAT (# correct).
“*” = p < 0.05 for comparison of HC and MS
Kruskall-Wallis or Wilcoxon rank sum tests for values showing medians, t-test for those showing means, and Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for those showing proportions. Note, statistical tests comparing groups for disease modifying therapies not performed due to lack of clinical relevance.