Table 1:

Data on RAS components evaluated on experimental models of AKI

Author	Species	Model	Key Findings
Allred et al. 86	Rat	Unilateral ischemia (60 min)	• Kidney Ang II increased • AT1 receptor density decreased • Urinary Ang I and Ang 1–7 increased • ACE and Neprilysin activity decreased • Renin activity increased
da Silveira et al. 87	Rat	Unilateral ischemia (45 min)	• Kidney Ang II increased • Kidney Ang 1–7 decreased • AT1 mRNA decreased • ACE activity decreased • Renin mRNA decreased • ACE2 mRNA decreased • MAS mRNA increased
Villanueva et al. 88	Rat	Bilateral ischemia (30 min)	• Renin protein and staining inreased
Weber et al. 89	Rabbit	Unilateral ischemia (90 min)	• Renin activity in plasma and JGA increased
Csohany et al. 90	Rat	Unilateral ischemia (50 min)	• Production and release of Renin from collecting duct increased
Studies including therapeutic interventions
Kontogiannis et al. 85	Rat	Bilateral ischemia (60 min)	• Kidney Ang II increased • AT1 mRNA and receptor binding decreased • Angiotensinogen mRNA decreased • Administration of Losartan at reperfusion improved kideny function
Molinas et al. 91	Rat	Unilateral ischemia (40 min)	• Losartan pretreatment improved kidney function and reduced inflammation
Rodríguez-Romo et al. 92	Rat	Bilateral ischemia (45 min)	• Losartan pretreatment improved kidney function and tubular/glomerular architecture after 9 months
Fouad et al. 96	Rat	Bilateral ischemia (45 min)	• Telmisartan pretreatment improved kidney function and tissue injury; reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
Hammad et al. 98	Rat	Unilateral Ischemia (40 min)	• Administration of Aliskiren one day prior and five days after ischemia improved kidney function and reduced expression of injury markers
Hammad et al. 97	Rat	Bilateral Ischemia (20 min)	• Administration of Aliskiren six days prior and two days after ischemia improved kidney function and tissue injury; reduced inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis • Combined inhibition of Neprilysin increased effectiveness
Ziypak et al. 99	Rat	Unilateral Ischemia (45 min)	• Plasma Ang II increased • Aliskiren pretreatment reduced plasma Ang II, improved kidney function and tissue injury, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation
Efrati et al. 100	Rat	Unilateral Ischemia (60 min)	• Kidney Ang II increased • Plasma Ang II increased • Adminstration of Captopril after ischemia reduced kidney/plasma Ang II, improved kidney function and tissue injury
Habibey et al. 101	Rat	Unilateral Ischemia (30 min)	• Administration of Captorpil one hour prior to ischemia reduced tissue injury
Krishan et al. 102	Rat	Bilateral Ischemia (30 min)	• Administration of Captopril and Lisinopril (seperatly) improved kidney function and tissue injury
Kocak et al. 103	Rat	Bilateral Ischemia (60 min)	• Administration of Captopril and Telmisartan (seperatly) improved kidney function and reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
Altunoluk et al. 104	Rat	Unilateral Ischemia (60 min)	• Administration of Zofenopril for one day prior and one day after ischemia reduced tissue injury and oxidative stress