Table 4.

Clinicoradiological markers of aggressive MS disease and GFAP

	Serum GFAP		CSF GFAP
	p	q (FDR)	p	q (FDR)
Motor symptoms at onset	0.890	n.s	0.240	n.s
Pyramidal signs in first year	0.200	n.s	0.185	n.s
Motor, cerebellar, cognitive or sphincter function	0.666	n.s	0.533	n.s
EDSS > 3 in first year	0.552	n.s	0.122	n.s
Severe relapses > 1 point EDSS	0.571	n.s	0.461	n.s
Poor recovery from first relapse	0.509	n.s	0.101	n.s
2 or more Gd+ lesions	0.877	n.s	0.760	n.s
At least one spinal cord lesion	0.326	n.s	0.712	n.s
Presence of infratentorial lesions	0.194	n.s	0.587	n.s
Presence of spinal > infratentorial lesions	0.961	n.s	0.099	n.s
More than 10 T2 lesions on brain MRI	0.775	n.s	0.856	n.s
More than 20 T2 lesions on brain MRI	0.556	n.s	0.761	n.s

EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, Gd+ gadolinium-enhancing lesion, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, FDR false discovery rate, n.s. not significant

Potential clinical and imaging predictors of aggressive MS disease course computed with the biomarkers sGFAP and cGFAP as a dependent variable, while controlling for the baseline characteristics. Before analysis, serum and CSF parameters were log-transformed. Results were corrected for false-discovery rate (FDR) using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Adjusted and corrected for multiple comparisons q values for each predictor were calculated and significance level was set at q < 0.05. Presence of “2 or more Gd+ lesions” was defined for two or more Gd+ lesions on brain and/or spinal imaging