Table 3.
Regression coefficients of ITT-analysis for health care costs (unbalanced)
| Variables | Total costs | Outpatient physician services | General practicioner | Outpatient non-physician services | Medical supplies | Hospital treatment | Sick pay | Medication | Rehabilitation | Prevention program |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First year | 1,190.35*** (363.47) | 189.07 (125.16) | 5.80** (2.37) | 24.06** (10.64) | 36.92 (25.43) | 835.50*** (284.20) | – 104.86 (110.33) | 189.24*** (54.73) | 27.36 (22.18) | 0.19 (0.49) |
| Second year | 1,627.38*** (418.53) | 330.45** (143.31) | 7.68** (3.16) | 48.92*** (13.92) | 155.24*** (39.26) | 852.82*** (300.14) | – 255.66** (104.44) | 448.57*** (144.60) | 50.21** (21.28) | – 0.03 (0.78) |
| Intervention | 58.34 (322.59) | 7.33 (73.81) | – 8.53 (5.46) | 22.73 (20.52) | 9.65 (34.25) | 43.40 (220.13) | 10.66 (126.66) | – 23.61 (82.02) | – 4.61 (15.61) | 0.64 (0.81) |
| First year #intervention | – 351.83 (522.19) | 101.39 (181.09) | 1.90 (3.03) | – 2.22 (14.99) | – 23.08 (38.98) | – 414.53 (398.26) | 84.10 (182.32) | – 102.19 (67.49) | – 10.15 (30.01) | 0.08 (0.99) |
| Second year#intervention | – 215.10 (706.59) | – 113.06 (163.09) | – 5.90 (4.19) | 6.88 (21.16) | – 37.57 (54.67) | – 280.00 (494.91) | 92.61 (163.18) | 116.90 (305.85) | – 9.46 (33.78) | – 0.16 (1.32) |
| TK (health insurance) | 508.61 (323.21) | 362.74*** (99.61) | 9.62* (5.68) | – 39.79* (22.70) | – 34.42 (35.47) | 167.63 (223.48) | 34.22 (91.41) | – 61.46 (112.78) | 28.05* (14.37) | – 0.44 (0.72) |
| mhplus (health insurance) | – 1,446.61** (604.49) | – 134.60 (86.19) | 42.16* (22.02) | – 133.28*** (25.89) | – 35.06 (59.21) | – 1,059.31*** (353.99) | 6.69 (222.54) | – 223.76 (155.12) | – 53.21*** (11.39) | 1.82 (2.46) |
| Constant | 4,518.46*** (289.21) | 887.50*** (58.94) | 32.13*** (5.48) | 171.84*** (20.84) | 220.08*** (35.98) | 1801.08*** (200.64) | 436.03*** (104.78) | 959.47*** (105.01) | 39.11*** (14.96) | 2.09*** (0.64) |
| Observations | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 | 3856 |
| Patients | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 | 1685 |
Random-effects linear regression model: constant (cost of control group at baseline), intervention (difference from intervention group at baseline), first year (change in cost from baseline in control group), second year (change in cost from baseline in the control group), first year*intervention (DD estimator: cost difference after first year), second year*intervention (DD estimator: cost difference after second year), Robust standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01
**p < 0.05
*p < 0.1