Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of patients with high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) or chronic migraine (CM)
| Number (%) or mean ± SD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | HFEM | CM | P value | |
| Patients | 130 | 49 | 81 | – |
| Age, years | 49.5 ± 9.5 | 50.5 ± 9.7 | 48.9 ± 9.4 | 0.332 |
| Female | 99 (76.2) | 36 (73.5) | 63 (77.8) | 0.729 |
| BMI | 23.9 ± 3.6 | 24.2 ± 2.7 | 23.7 ± 4.2 | 0.517 |
| Age at onset, years | 17.2 ± 6.7 | 16.7 ± 6.1 | 17.4 ± 7.1 | 0.570 |
| MMD | 11.1 ± 1.8 | 11.1 ± 1.8 | – | – |
| MHD | 22.8 ± 5.1 | – | 22.8 ± 5.1 | – |
| NRS score | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 0.963 |
| MO | 62 (47.7) | – | 62 (76.5) | – |
| MO duration | 5.8 ± 8.7 | – | 5.8 ± 8.7 | – |
| Unilateral pain | 71 (54.6) | 27 (55.1) | 44 (54.3) | 0.931 |
| Unilateral cranial autonomic symptoms | 51 (39.2) | 21 (42.9) | 30 (37.0) | 0.636 |
| Allodynia | 74 (56.9) | 31 (63.3) | 43 (53.1) | 0.341 |
| Dopaminergic symptoms | 57 (43.8) | 19 (38.8) | 38 (46.9) | 0.469 |
| Monthly analgesic medications | 18.2 ± 8.6 | 11.7 ± 2.9 | 22.1 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 |
| Triptan responders | 96 (73.8) | 42 (85.7) | 54 (66.7) | 0.028 |
| Pts using concomitant prophylaxis | 46 (35.4) | 21 (42.8) | 25 (30.9) | 0.380 |
| Tricyclics | 18 (39.1) | 7 (33.3) | 11 (44.0) | |
| Anticonvulsants | 22 (47.8) | 10 (47.6) | 12 (48.0) | |
| Calcium channels antagonists | 4 (8.7) | 3 (14.3) | 1 (4.0) | |
| Beta-blockers | 16 (34.8) | 10 (47.6) | 6 (24.0) | |
| Vagal nerve stimulation | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.8) | – | |
| Serotoninergic antagonists | 2 (4.3) | 2 (9.5) | – | |
| Prior treatment failures | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 0.031 |
| 3–4 | 89 (68.5) | 38 (77.6) | 51 (63.0) | 0.158 |
| > 4 | 41 (31.6) | 11 (22.5) | 30 (37.0) | |
| Onabotulinum toxin A responders* | 5 (27.8) | 4 (66.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.041 |
| Pts with > 1 comorbidity | 68 (52.3) | 24 (48.9) | 44 (54.3) | 0.682 |
| Pts with psychiatric comorbidities | 43 (33.1) | 14 (28.6) | 29 (35.8) | 0.511 |
| HIT-6 score | 68.1 ± 4.0 | 67.2 ± 3.7 | 68.6 ± 4.1 | 0.058 |
| MIDAS score | 73.1 ± 55.4 | 57.5 ± 36.3 | 82.6 ± 62.6 | 0.012 |
| Fremanezumab dosing regimen | – | |||
| Monthly | 127 (97.7) | 49 (100) | 78 (96.3) | |
| Quarterly | 3 (2.3) | – | 3 (3.7) | |
HFEM high frequency episodic migraine, CM chronic migraine, BMI body mass index, MMD monthly migraine days, MHD monthly headache days, NRS numerical rating scale, MO medication overuse, HIT-6 Headache Impact Test-6, MIDAS Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, Pts patients, SD standard deviation
*Proportion calculated on the 85 subjects who were treated with onabotulinum toxin A