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. 2024 May 16;15:1396122. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396122

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Copyright © 2024 Li, Liu and Hu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Role of IFN-γ in OBs and OCs. ① IFN-γ is produced by a variety of immune cells. ② IFNγ directly inhibits OC differentiation by blocking the RANKL signaling pathway ③ IFN-γ enhances FasL expression in OBs, promotes apoptosis of OC precursors, and ultimately inhibits OC maturation and differentiation. ④ The regulation of NFATc1 downstream of the RANK-RANKL pathway by IFN-γ is highly dependent on the period of OC differentiation. ⑤ IFN-γ mediates DC-STAMP to promote OC maturation. ⑥ IFN-γ upregulates the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 and downregulates the lipogenic transcription factor PPARγ.