APC	Activated protein C
NFATc1	Nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ACPA	Anti-citrullinated protein antibody
RGD	Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
Axin	Axis inhibition protein
BMUs	Basic multicellular units
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
BRC	Bone Remodeling Compartment
BSP	Bone sialoprotein
CK1α	Casein kinase 1α
CTSK	Cathepsin K
CTSL	Cathepsin L
C/EBPα	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha
JNK	C-Jun N-terminal kinase
CIA	Collagen-induced arthritis
CTL	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
DMP1	Dentin matrix protein 1
DC	Dentritic cell
DOP	Diabetic osteoporosis
DKK	Dickkopf
ERK	Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
c-Fos	Fos proto-oncogene
FZD	Frizzled
SFRP1	Frizzled-related protein 1
GIOP	Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
GCs	Glucocorticoids
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta
GRB2	Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
HSPCs	Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
HSCs	Hematopoietic stem cells
IFN-γ	Interferon-γ
IFNγR	IFN-γ receptor
IHD	Inflammatory heart disease
IGF	Insulin-like growth factor
IL	Interleukin
IOF	International Osteoporosis Foundation
JAK	Janus kinase
LRP4/5/6	Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4/5/6
LEF	Lymphoid enhancing factor
M-CSF	Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
M-CSF-R	Macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
MMP-13	Matrix metalloproteinase-13
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
MITF	Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein
NK	Natural Killer
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappaB
OA	Osteoarthritis
OB	Osteoblast
OCN	Osteocalcin
OC	Osteoclast
OY	Osteocyte
OP	Osteoporosis
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OVX	Ovariectomized
PTH	Parathyroid hormone
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Dsh	Phosphoprotein Dishevelled
p-GSK3β	Phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
P-β-catenin	Phosphorylated β-catenin
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PKA	Protein kinase A
Akt	Protein kinase B
PKC	Protein kinase C
PKR	Protein kinase R
PP1A	Protein phosphatase-1-catalytic subunit alpha
PU.1	Purine Rich Box-1
RANK	Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SOST	Sclerostin
sFRP-1	Secreted frizzled-related protein-1
STAT1	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
TRAP	Tartarate-resistant alkaline phosphatase
TCF	T-cell factor
TRAFs	TNF receptor-associated factors
TAZ	Transcriptional Co-Activator With PDZ-Binding Motif
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
COL1A	Type I collagen alpha
WR	Wheel-running
Wnt	Wingless