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. 2024 May 16;14:1395267. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1395267

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Copyright © 2024 Zeng, Xu, Zheng, Zhan, Fang, Li, Zhao, Xiao, Zheng, Li and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Both herbal formula interventions significantly improved insomnia. (A) Changes in PSQI and ISI scores over time following intervention with two herbal formulas. (B) Longitudinal effects on PSQI and ISI scores between two treatments and within each treatment. (C) Long-term sustainability of the effectiveness of treatments compared to baseline. FDR_BH, FDR-corrected p-value obtained using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to adjust for multiple comparisons. The vertical dashed line represents the FDR_BH threshold of 0.05. P-values were determined using linear mixed models. PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; STYHCD, spleen-tonifying and yin heat-clearing decoction; CSQBD, center-supplementing and qi-boosting decoction.