Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the AI model development and evaluation cohort.
| Characteristics | AI development |
External evaluation |
P valuea | Prospective clinical application evaluation cohort (n = 59) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 870) | Training cohort (n = 439) | Internal validation cohort (n = 190) | External evaluation cohort (n = 241) | |||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 365 (42.0%) | 178 (40.5%) | 89 (46.8%) | 98 (40.7%) | 0.303 | 23 (39%) |
| Female | 505 (58.0%) | 261 (59.5%) | 101 (53.2%) | 143 (59.3%) | 36 (61%) | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 55.5 (11.3) | 55.7 (11.1) | 54.9 (11.0) | 55.9 (11.9) | 0.617 | 59.1 (10.5) |
| Size, mm, mean (range) | 13.7 (5.0–55.0) | 13.4 (6.0–50.0) | 14.3 (6.0–55.0) | 13.5 (5.0–50.0) | 0.292 | 1.4 (7.0–50.0) |
| Size, n (%) | ||||||
| ≤20 mm | 737 (84.7%) | 372 (84.7%) | 166 (87.4%) | 199 (82.6%) | 0.635 | 46 (78.0%) |
| >20 mm | 133 (15.3%) | 67 (15.3%) | 24 (12.4%) | 42 (17.4%) | 13 (22.0%) | |
| Tumor location, n (%) | ||||||
| Esophagus | 235 (27.0%) | 111 (25.3%) | 49 (25.8%) | 75 (31.1%) | 0.582 | 11 (18.6%) |
| Stomach | 607 (69.8%) | 316 (72.0%) | 134 (70.5%) | 157 (65.1%) | 48 (81.4%) | |
| Duodenum | 9 (1.0%) | 4 (0.9%) | 3 (1.6%) | 2 (0.8%) | / | |
| Colorectum | 19 (2.2%) | 8 (1.8%) | 4 (2.1%) | 7 (2.9%) | / | |
| Pathological type, n (%) | ||||||
| GISTs | 454 (52.2%) | 227 (51.7%) | 99 (52.1%) | 128 (53.1%) | 0.940 | 29 (49.1%) |
| Leiomyomas | 416 (47.8%) | 212 (48.3%) | 91 (47.9%) | 113 (46.9%) | 28 (47.5%) | |
| Other | / | / | / | / | 2 (3.4%) | |
a
Comparison among the training cohort, the internal validation cohort and the external evaluation cohort.