Fig. 4.

Upregulation of tissue-homing genes in plasma cells and plasmablasts in DENV and COVID-19 patients.

(A). UMAP plot of integrated DENV and COVID-19 datasets (Total 14,998 cells), colored by B cell subsets. The top panel represents abundances of B cell subsets in DENV patients, whereas the middle panel shows abundances of B cells in COVID-19 patients. The bottom panel represents healthy controls from two different studies. The number represents the sample sizes.

(B). Comparison of percentages between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls in each B cell subset during the early (days 0–11 after symptom onset; COVID-19 patients, n = 9; HCs, n = 22) and late phases (>11 after symptom onset; COVID-19 patients, n = 14; HCs, n = 22). The statistical significance was calculated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann-Whitney U test). ns = p > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, and ****p ≤ 0.0001.

(C). Dotplot representing the average expression levels of tissue-homing genes in each B cell subset in DENV and COVID-19 datasets. Color intensity represents the relative expression values and dot size represents the fraction of cells within cell type expressing a given gene. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)