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. 2024 May 30;22:520. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05347-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 14 — Enhanced efficacy and safety of DTX in prostate cancer treatment through the synergistic use of lactoferrin. A Observations on how DTX and DTX-LfNPs impact the growth of Mat-LyLu prostate cancer cells over 48 h. Following 48 h post-administration, a reduction in the IC50 value for DTXLfNPs was noted in comparison to that of soluble DTX. B The bioavailability of DTX within the prostate cancer tissues of male Wistar rats over a 24-h period. The results are presented as mean ± SD for six subjects, with **P < 0.01 (using Student’s t-test). C Evaluation of tumor suppression: Measurements of tumor volumes and (D) weights were taken at the three-week mark. The data are displayed as mean ± SD for six subjects, and ****P < 0.0001 (according to ANOVA’s post-test). E Histological examination of prostate tissues treated with either DTX or DTX-LfNPs at 20× magnification, using saline as a baseline control. Areas of necrosis are marked with red arrows

(Reprinted with permission from [109])