Table 3.

Results of MR‒Egger pleiotropy test and heterogeneity test of univariate Mendelian randomization analysis

Outcome	Exposure	Pleiotropy test	Heterogeneity test
		P-value	MR Egger	IVW
KOA	ALM	0.981	2.15 × 10–55	3.30 × 10–55
	LHG	0.448	0.226	0.233
	UWP	0.698	0.228	0.280
HOA	ALM	0.442	5.84 × 10–42	6.11 × 10–42
	LHG	0.186	9.66 × 10–6	3.58 × 10–7
	UWP	0.228	0.247	0.208

KOA Knee osteoarthritis, HOA Hip osteoarthritis, ALM Appendicular lean mass, LHG Low hand grip, UWP Usual walking pace, IVW Inverse variance weighting