Table 2.
Age-related findings.
| Pathogen/condition | Complications/disease burden | Population | Age-related findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) | Incidence | Adult | CAP incidence rates were higher for those aged ≥50 years |
| Influenza A (H1N1) | ICU admission | Combined | Individuals younger than 18 years are more likely to be admitted to the ICU due to influenza A (H1N1) compared to those aged 45–64 years |
| Influenza A (H1N1) | Mortality | Adult | Adults over the age of 65 are at an increased risk of mortality from influenza A (H1N1) |
| HMPV | Hospitalization rates | Pediatric | Hospitalization rates for HMPV are highest in infants under 6 months |
| Influenza | 2009 pandemic mortality | Combined | The 2009 influenza pandemic saw a younger age distribution in mortality compared to typical seasonal flu deaths |
| Influenza | Hospital visits | Combined | ~80% of visits occurred in the 5–17 and 18–49 age group |
| Influenza | Hospitalization | Combined | Elderly age was associated with 9 times the odds of hospitalization (≥65 years vs. 5–17 years) and select comorbidities were associated with 2–3 times the odds of hospitalization |
| Influenza | Hospitalization rates | Adult | Hospitalization rates for influenza vary among adults, with those aged 50–64 years experiencing different rates |
| Influenza | Hospitalization rates | Combined | The burden of influenza-associated hospitalizations varies by age, with the highest rates observed in individuals over 65 years |
| Influenza A (H1N1) | ICU admission | Pediatric | Children under the age of 6 months are at an increased risk of requiring ICU admission due to influenza |
| Influenza | ICU admission | Combined | Children aged 5–12 years are at a greater risk of requiring ICU admission for influenza compared to older age groups |
| Influenza | Severe complications | Pediatric | Older children are more likely to experience severe complications from seasonal influenza |
| Influenza and RSV | Hospitalization | Combined | The highest hospitalization rates for influenza are seen in individuals over 75 years old, while for RSV, infants under 1 year are most affected |
| Pneumococcal empyema | Incidence | Pediatric | More complicated cases were observed as age increases |
| Pneumonia | CAP incidence and mortality | Adult | Elderly adults, especially those older than 80 years, experience higher incidence and mortality rates due to CAP |
| Pneumonia | Hospitalizations, costs | Combined | The elderly population experiences an increased incidence and costs of pneumonia episodes, with projected increases in hospitalizations and associated costs |
| Pneumonia | Pneumonia severity | Pediatric | 1-year-olds and 10-year-olds are at a higher risk of developing severe pneumonia compared to two-year-olds |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | Hospitalization | Adult | Older adults, particularly those over 75 years, are at an increased risk of hospitalization due to RSV |
| RSV | All-cause mortality | Pediatric | Age was not associated with higher risk |
| RSV | Costs | Combined | Incremental difference in adjusted mean annual costs between RSV and non-RSV controls was higher in elderly (≥65; $12,030–$23,194) than in those aged <65 years ($2251–$5391). Among children, adjusted costs attributable to RSV were higher in children aged 5–17 years ($3192), than in those 1–4 years ($2251–$2521) |
| RSV | Hospitalization | Pediatric | Age 0–2 months had highest age-specific RSV hospitalization rates as compared with 3–23 months |
| RSV | Hospitalization rates, ED visit rates | Pediatric | Hospitalization rates for RSV remain constant over time, with infants aged 0–2 months experiencing higher rates |
| RSV | Hospitalization rates, Healthcare resource use | Pediatric | Infants under 1 year old have higher hospitalization rates for RSV, with the highest healthcare resource use observed in the elderly population |
| RSV | Pulmonary complications | Pediatric | Age was associated with higher risk |
| SARS-Cov-2 | Inpatient death, renal replacement therapy, intubation, vasopressors | Adult | Age does not significantly influence these specific complications in adults |
| SARS-Cov-2 | Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) | Adult | Age is not a significant factor in the occurrence of ICH in adults with COVID-19 |
| SARS-Cov-2 | Mortality | Combined | Mortality rates due to COVID-19 vary by age and ethnicity, with some groups experiencing higher rates at different ages |
| SARS-Cov-2 | Neurologic complications | Pediatric | Younger children have a higher likelihood of experiencing neurologic complications |