Table 1.

Participant characteristics from each phase of the study of dollar stores in Baltimore City.

Study phase	N	Characteristic	N (%)
In-depth interviews	25	Participant type Community members Current dollar store staff Former dollar store staff Retail business owner Food retail staff Policy makers	13 1 3 1 2 5
Online survey	120	Race/ethnicity (n = 119) Asian Black Black and Hispanic/Latino White White and Hispanic/Latino White and Native American or Pacific Islander Declined to answer Age 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65+ % Female Employment (n = 119) Full time Part time Self employed Not employed outside the home Retired Educational attainment (n = 119) Some high school High school graduate Vocational/two-year/community college Some four-year college Four-year college graduate Advanced degree Experiencing food insecurity (% yes) SNAP Participant (% yes) Dollar store shopping frequency Any dollar store shopping Frequent dollar store shopping*	2 (1.7) 51 (42.9) 1 (0.8) 56 (47.1) 1 (0.8) 1 (0.8) 7 (5.9) 13 (10.8) 33 (27.5) 21 (17.5) 21 (17.5) 18 (15.0) 14 (11.7) 79 (65.8) 80 (67.2) 14 (11.8) 9 (7.6) 4 (3.4) 12 (10.1) 3 (2.5) 22 (18.5) 10 (8.4) 12 (10.1) 33 (27.7) 39 (32.8) 59 (49.2) 31 (25.8) 57 (47.5) 38 (31.7)
Community member workshop	21†	Race/ethnicity (n = 19) Asian Black White Declined to answer Age (n = 19) 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65+ % Female (n = 19) Educational attainment (n = 19) Some high school High school graduate Vocational/two-year/community college Some four-year college Four-year college graduate Advanced degree Experiencing food insecurity (% yes) (n = 18) Dollar store shopping frequency (n = 19) Daily A few times/week Once per week A few times/month Once per month or less Never	1 (5.3) 12 (63.2) 5 (26.3) 1 (5.3) 0 3 (15.8) 3 (15.8) 2 (10.5) 7 (36.8) 4 (21.1) 14 (73.7) 1 (5.3) 3 (15.8) 3 (15.8) 1 (5.3) 2 (10.5) 9 (47.4) 8 (44.4) 0 3 (15.8) 2 (10.5) 5 (26.3) 7 (36.8) 2 (10.5)
Policy maker workshop	8	Race/Ethnicity Asian Black White Hispanic/Latinx Declined to answer Age 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65+ % Female Educational attainment Some four-year college Four-year college graduate Advanced degree Experiencing food insecurity (% Yes) Dollar store shopping frequency A few times/month Once per month or less Never	0 4 (50.0) 2 (25.0) 2 (25.0) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) 4 (50.0) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) 0 1 (12.5) 2 (25.0) 1 (12.5) 2 (25.0) 5 (62.5) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) 3 (37.5) 4 (50.0)

^†There were 21 workshop participants. Two of them declined to complete the questionnaire leaving a total N of 19 for demographic analysis. ^*Frequent shopping was defined as shopping at a dollar store more than once per month. SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.