Table 1.

Topics and PICO questions

MAIN TOPIC	PICO QUESTIONS
DEFINITIONS	Q.1.1: Which trauma patient is defined as “old” at initial evaluation?
	Q 1.2: When a patient is considered “physiologically old” and does he/she deserve different management after (blunt and penetrating) trauma?
PRIMARY EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT	Q 2.1: Which injury (physiological and anatomical) scores are higher predictive of outcome in evaluating elderly patients for trauma?
	Q 2.2: Which clinical features do better define the hemodynamic instability in geriatric trauma patients?
	Q 2.3: Which laboratory tests and biological markers are useful to evaluate the elderly trauma patient before resuscitation?
	Q 2.4: Which imaging studies are useful to better evaluate trauma elderly patients?
RESUSCITATION	Q 3.1: What early resuscitative protocol including intravenous fluids, blood transfusions or vasopressors should be used to manage geriatric trauma patients at primary evaluation?
	Q 3.2: Which are the resuscitation endpoints in elderly trauma patients?
	Q 3.3: Which vasopressors are indicated in comorbid elderly injured patients?
	Q 3.4: Vasopressors treatments versus permissive hypotension in geriatric trauma patients: which are the clinical parameters and laboratory tests to consider in the choice?
	Q 3.5: How intraoperative hypotension status is correlated with delirium in geriatric patients?
MANAGEMENT OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS	Q 4.1: Which blood tests are useful to evaluate geriatric patients with anticoagulant drugs in trauma setting?
	Q 4.2: Which reversal protocol is indicated in patients in treatment with vitamin K antagonists?
	Q 4.3: Which reversal protocol is indicated in patients in treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) ?
ANTIBIOTICS, ANALGESIA AND ANTI-THROMBOTIC PROPHYLAXIS	Q 5.1: When is it indicated to administer antibiotics in elderly trauma patients?
	Q 5.2: How to control pain in elderly patients admitted for trauma?
	Q 5.3: When and how is indicated to perform thrombo-prophylaxis in elderly trauma patients?
MANAGEMENT OF THE END-OF-LIFE IN IN TRAUMA SETTING FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS	Q 6.1: Which are the clinical features and vital parameters to define the elderly patient at end of life after trauma?
	Q 6.2: Could palliative management be useful in the management of an elderly patient at the end of life?