Fig. 6.

Proposed model representing evolutionary events pertaining to alcoholic fermentation and fructophily in the W/S clade. Horizontal gene transfer and gene loss events involving FFZ1, ADH1a, ADH1b, and ADH1c genes were inferred based on the distribution of the genes across the clade and on the phylogenetic analyses of gene trees. The presence/absence of the genes in extant W/S-clade species is depicted by the differently colored tree branches, as indicated. Acquisitions of fructophily (FRU) and alcoholic fermentation (EtOH) are represented close to the relevant tree branches as indicated in the key. Subclades are indicated as defined in Fig. 1A. Traits in Starmerella species are generally as indicated, except for a few exceptions shown in Fig. 1A