Table 1.

Selected key Farm Bill provisions for supporting fruits and vegetables (F/V, specialty crops).

Program	Farm bill year	Grant amount	Description
FCIP Federal Crop Insurance Program	2018	$22 billion in FY21 insurance liability protection for specialty crops	Reimbursement for high-value specialty crops from physical losses for insurable indications, including: adverse weather conditions (i.e., hail, frost, freeze, wind, drought and floods), earthquake, unexpected pest or disease without sufficient prevention methods, some irrigation failures, wildfires and volcanic eruptions, etc.
FFVP Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program	2018	$233.1 million in FY22	Started in 2002 to increase F/V consumption in low-income elementary schools and students, associated with food waste plate reductions, obesity reduction.
FINI Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive Program	2014	$85.6 million in FY15-18	Initial pilot program created to incentivize F/V purchasing in low-income communities among SNAP participants, measured by benefits usage and F/V consumption rates.
FPDP Food Purchase and Distribution Program	2018	$2.3 billion in FY19-FY20	Trade mitigation funds to assist farmers suffering damage due to unjustified trade retaliation from foreign entities for domestically grown F/V and to support emergency food assistance via food banks, pantries, networks (TEFAP).
GusNIP Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program	2018	$270 million since FY19	Expanded FINI from 2014. Low-income F/V grants and Medicaid nutrition prescriptions; mandatory growth $45–56 million over 5 years FY19-FY23 in all 50 states and participating territories.
SCRI Specialty Crop Research Initiative	2018	$80 million in FY23	Competitive grants supporting improved agricultural management of specialty crops: fruits, vegetables, dried fruit, tree nuts and others. Focus areas include: improved crop resilience through genetics, genomics, non-toxic control of pests and diseases, increased production yields and higher quality at decreased costs, food safety and new tech innovations.
SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program	2018	$159 billion in FY22 (all nutrition funds)	Comprises the majority of federal nutrition assistance expenditures, formerly known as ‘Food Stamps’. Provides EBT benefits to low-income households, individuals and families to purchase food at SNAP-authorized retailers. Additional incentives for F/V such as ‘double bucks’ and online purchases at selected retail hubs.

Not a comprehensive Farm Bill F/V specialty crop allocation list. All funding statistics are selected from online USDA funding program allocation hubs per FY indicated. Reviewed in Congressional Budget Office baseline projections where available.