Table 1.
Summary of dengue fever cases recorded in Nigeria from 1972 to 2023.
| Survey year | Location | Number of cases | Sample size | Diagnostic approach | Prevalence | DENV Serotype | Age | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Oyo State | 164 | 304 | Serology | 54% | NA | NA | [28] |
| 1973 | Abeokuta | 1 | NA | NA | NA | DENV-1 | NA | [29] |
| 1975 | Oyo State | 52 | 78 | Haemagglutination inhibition test | 67% | DENV-1 (67%); DENV-2 (45%) | NA | [30] |
| 1977 | Nigeria | 811 | 1816 | Neutralization test | 45% | DENV-2 | 0 – >20 years | [31] |
| 1980 | Kainji Lake Basin | 124 | 267 | Haemagglutination inhibition test | 46% | DENV-2 | 5 – >40 years | [32] |
| 2001 | Maiduguri | 5 | 973 | ELISA | 0.5% | DENV-2 (4); DENV-1 (1) | >10 – <60 years | [33] |
| 2004 | Uyo | 7 | 145 | Serology | 3.7% (Male); 5.5% (Female) | NA | 0 – 70 years | [34] |
| 2008 | Maiduguri | 193 | 310 | Neutralization test | 67.71% | DENV-1; DENV-2; DENV-3; DENV-4 | <1 – ≥80 years | [35] |
| 2010 | Plateau State | 4 | 182 | ELISA | 2.2% | NA | 2 – 70 years | [36] |
| 2011 | Maiduguri | 26 | 256 | Microneutrilization assay | 18.5% (Female); 6.3% (Male) | DENV-3 | 0 – ≥60 years | [37] |
| 2013 | Kaduna | 6 | 340 | ELISA | 1.80% | NA | NA | [38] |
| 2013 | Ibadan | 138 | 188 | ELISA | 73% | NA | 4 – 82 years | [39] |
| 2014 | Ibadan | 64 | 274 | ELISA | 23.4% | NA | ≤1 – ≥18.1 years | [40] |
| 2014 | Kaduna State | 190 | 366 | ELISA | 72.95% (Kafanchan); 34.42% (Birnin Gwari); 57.21% (Female); 46.36% (Male) | NA | 1 – >70 years | [41] |
| 2014 | Ogbomoso | 16 | 93 | ELISA | 17.20% | NA | 0 –75 years | [42] |
| 2014 | Osun State | 77 | 100 | ELISA | 77% | NA | 0 – 70 years | [43] |
| 20 14 | Sagamu | 1 | 60 | Standard Diagnostic Dengue NS1 + Ab combo rapid test kit | 1.70% | NA | 3 – 70 years | [44] |
| 2014 | Jos, and Maiduguri | 111 | 529 | ELISA | 21% | NA | <18 to >58 years | [45] |
| 2015 | Maiduguri | 34 | 91 | ELISA | 22.2% (Male); 41.1% (Female) | NA | 1 – ≥ 60 years | [46] |
| 2016 | Ile-ife | 46 | 179 | ELISA | 26.5% (Male); 25% (Female) | NA | 0 – 80 years | [47] |
| 2016 | Kwara State | 76 | 176 | ELISA | 46% | NA | 31–40 had the highest seropositivity | [48] |
| 2016 | Abia and Cross river State | 3 | 17 | Polymerase Chain Reaction | 17.60% | DENV-1 (1); DENV-2 (2) | 13–80 years | [49] |
| 2016 | Abuja | 74 | 171 | ELISA | 43.30% | NA | 1 – ≥49 years | [50] |
| 2016 | South East | 44 | 338 | ELISA | 13.02% | NA | 15 – ≥40 years | [51] |
| 2017 | Cross River State | 25 | 420 | Lateral flow immunoassay cassettes | 6% | NA | 1–99 years | [52] |
| 2017 | Jos | 33 | 118 | ELISA | 19.0% (Male - IgM); 21.4% (Male - IgG); 2.4% (Female - IgM and IgG); 6.6% (IgM); 10.5% (IgG); 2.6% (IgG/IgM) | NA | 1–60 years | [53] |
| 2017 | Osogbo | 2 | 91 | ELISA | 2.20% | NA | 18–47 years | [54] |
| 2017 | Nasarawa State | 12 | 400 | Aria Dou dengue virus rapid diagnostic test kit | 3% | NA | ≤20 to ≥30 | [55] |
| 2017 | Abuja | 79 | 178 | ELISA | 44.4% | NA | ≤10 – >50 years | [56] |
| 2018 | Lagos State | 11 | 130 | Polymerase Chain Reaction | 8.5% | DENV-1; DENV-3 | 1–60 years | [57] |
| 2018 | Kano | 13 | 137 | ELISA | 9.4% | NA | 0 – ≥61 years | [58] |
| 2018 | Bono State | 176 | 197 | ELISA | 89% | NA | 0 – ≥72 years | [59] |
| 2019 | Kogi State | 42 | 200 | Immunoassays | 23.1% (Male); 20.5% (Female) | NA | <15 – >74 years | [60] |
| 2019 | Jos | 52 | 94 | ELISA | 55.30% | NA | 0–50 years | [61] |
| 2019 | Rivers State | 75 | 385 | ELISA | 19.50% | NA | 26.4±8.8 years (mean) | [62] |
| 2020 | Adamawa State | 82 | 424 | ELISA | 19.40% | DENV-1 | 0 – >56 years | [63] |
| 2022 | Anambra State | 17 | 96 | ELISA | 17.70% | NA | 15 years and above | [64] |
| 2022 | Rivers State | 2 | 94 | ELISA | 2.10% | NA | 16 – >41 years | [65] |
| 1964–1968 | Ibadan | 32 | NA | Virus isolation and neutralization test | NA | DEN-1 (18); DEN-2 (14) | 3months – 38 years | [66] |
| 1968–1969 | Oyo State | 136 | 216 | Haemagglutination inhibition test | 63.00% | DENV-1; DENV-2 | 6 months – >15 years | [67] |
| 2001–2002 | Abuja, Ibadan, Gombe, Calabar, Kano, Maiduguri | 13 | 1948 | ELISA | 0.9% (Ibadan); 0.36% (Abuja); 0.1% (Calabar); 1.67% (Maiduguri) | DENV-1 (Ibadan, Abuja, and Calabar); DENV-2 (Maiduguri) | NA | [68] |
| 2010–2018 | Ibadan, Abuja, and Jos | 379 | 701 | ELISA | 67.7% (Jos); 62.3% (Ibadan); 32.1% (Abuja); 58.6% (Female); 50% (Male) | NA | 0 – 90 years | [69] |
| 2013 | Ilorin | 40 | 130 | ELISA | 44.1% (Male); 16.1% (Female) | DENV-1; DENV-2; DENV-3; DENV-4 | <5 years | [70] |
| 2014–2015 | Osun State | 67 | 89 | ELISA | 41.6% (IgM); 33.7% (IgG) | NA | 15 – 33 years | [71] |
| 2015–2016 | Nasarawa State | 17 | 354 | ELISA | 4.80% | NA | 5 – 45 years | [72] |
| 2015–2016 | Osogbo | 3 | 170 | ELISA | 1.80% | NA | <1 to 55 years | [73] |
| 2016 | Maiduguri | 67 | 90 | ELISA | 74.40% (IgM); 90% (IgG) | NA | 19 – 43 years | [74] |
| 2018–2019 | Lagos State | 76 | 305 | Micropoint lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay | 24.90% | NA | ≤10 – >60 years | [75] |
| 2018 | Anambra State | 74 | 96 | ELISA | 54.1% (Male); 45.9% (Female) | NA | Above 5 years | [76] |
| 2019–2022 | North-central | 60 | 1006 | ELISA | 6% | NA | ≥18 years | [77] |
| 2020 | Jos | 36 | 220 | Mytest Dengue NS1 Ag+Ab Combo card | 16.30% | NA | NA | [78] |
| 2021 | Awka | 38 | 188 | ELISA | 20.20% | NA | 18 – 65 years | [79] |
| 2021 | Enugu | 67 | 150 | ELISA | 44.70% | NA | 24 – 62 years | [23] |
| 2021 | Southwest | 315 | 1074 | ELISA and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) | 29.40% | NA | NA | [20] |
| 2023 | Sokoto State | 84 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 21– 40 years | [80] |