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. 2024 May 24;8(2):rkae061. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkae061

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 2. — Illustration of some of the new bone formation (NBF) types and representative radiographs. (A) Osteophyte: Horizontal bony outgrowth, with an angle of >45° to the hypothetical line that crosses the vertebral corner/ (B) Marginal syndesmophytes: vertebral ossifications/calcification/bony outgrowth arising from the edge of the vertebral body vertically, having an angle of ≤45° to the hypothetical line that crosses the vertebral corner. (C) Non-marginal (Para-marginal) syndesmophytes: asymmetrical, thick and bulky ossifications/calcification/bony outgrowth arising from away from the edge of the vertebral body. (D) DISH: Flowing ossifications and/or calcifications of the anterior longitudinal ligament.