Table 2.
Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical parameters of diabetic patients before the start of follow-up care.
| Parameters | Total | Cohorts | Comparisons between cohorts | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NE | RF | TC | ||||||
| 6-months follow-up care | – | Nurse-led follow-up care + educational programs + Tai Chi exercises | Routine health education and follow-up care + Tai Chi exercises | Tai Chi exercises only | ||||
| Number of diabetic patients | 721 | 108 | 205 | 408 | P-value | df | Test value | |
| Gender | Male | 351 (48) | 48 (44) | 95 (46) | 218 (53) | .1135 (χ2-test for Independence) | 2 | 4.351 |
| Female | 370 (51) | 60 (56) | 110 (54) | 190 (47) | ||||
| Age (years) | 38 (41–33) | 40 (44–35.5) | 39 (41–36) | 38 (41–33) | .0529 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 5.877 | |
| Diabetes type | ||||||||
| Type 1 | 674 (93) | 101 (94) | 190 (93) | 383 (94) | .8534 (χ2-test for independence) | 2 | 0.3172 | |
| Type 2 | 47 (7) | 7 (6) | 15 (7) | 25 (6) | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Han Chinese | 662 (92) | 100 (93) | 180 (92) | 373 (92) | .9893 (χ2-test for independence) | 6 | 0.8948 | |
| Mongolian | 52 (7) | 7 (6) | 15 (7) | 30 (7) | ||||
| Tibetan | 7 (0.9) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (0.9) | ||||
| Uyghur Muslim | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | ||||
| Education level | ||||||||
| Primitive | 250 (35) | 30 (28) | 70 (34) | 150 (37) | .0589 (χ2-test for independence) | 6 | 12.141 | |
| Below higher secondary | 286 (40) | 48 (44) | 80 (39) | 158 (39) | ||||
| Below graduate | 108 (15) | 20 (19) | 33 (16) | 55 (13) | ||||
| Graduate and above | 77 (10) | 10 (9) | 22 (11) | 45 (11) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 508 (70) | 78 (72) | 147 (72) | 303 (74) | .7706 (χ2-test for independence) | 2 | 0.5212 | |
| Single | 213 (30) | 30 (28) | 58 (28) | 105 (26) | ||||
| Current Employment | ||||||||
| Yes | 541 (75) | 83 (77) | 155 (76) | 303 (74) | .8371 (χ2-test for independence) | 2 | 0.3557 | |
| No | 180 (25) | 25 (23) | 50 (24) | 105 (26) | ||||
| *Knowledge regarding diabetes and its threat | 0.75 (1–0.5) | 0.75 (1–0.5) | 0.5 (1–0.5) | 0.75 (1–0.5) | .2575 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 2.713 | |
| †Anxiety | 62 (63–61) | 62 (63–60) | 62 (63–60) | 62 (63–61) | .1017 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 4.571 | |
| †Depression | 58 (60–55) | 58 (60–55) | 58 (61–55) | 58 (60–56) | .7625 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 0.5422 | |
| Fasting blood sugar (mmol/L) | 5.8 (5.83–5.72) | 5.8 (5.83–5.72) | 5.8 (5.83–5.72) | 5.8 (5.83–5.72) | .91 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 0.1885 | |
| % HBA1c | 8 (8–7.5) | 8 (8–7.5) | 8 (8–7.5) | 8 (8–7.5) | .716 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 5.274 | |
| ‡Self-care activities | 34 (35–33) | 34 (35–33) | 34 (35–33) | 34 (35–33) | .7904 (Kruskal–Wallis’ test) | N/A | 0.4706 | |
Continuous non-normal and categorical variables and ordinal data are depicted as medians with Q3–Q1 in parenthesis and frequencies with percentages in parenthesis, respectively.
All results were considered significant if the P-value was <.05.
χ2-test = Chi-square test, df = degree of freedom, N/A = not applicable.
Test value (χ2-value for χ2-test; Kruskal–Wallis’ statistics for Kruskal–Wallis’ test).
Higher the score higher is knowledge regarding diabetes and its threat (total score is 6; evaluated by nursing staff; the institute has its questionnaires).
Zung Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scale (Zung Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scale; a score of ≥ 50 is considered as anxiety; a score of ≥ 50 is considered as depression).
The higher the score higher the self-care activity (maximum value 49).