Skip to main content
. 2023 Sep 11;34(2):217–228. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00602-5

Table 6.

Comparison of selected pesticides measured in soil samples collected at childcare centers in the United States.

Reference Geographic Location Chemical Analytes
Number of Samples Chlorpyrifos (µg/kg) cis-Permethrin (µg/kg) trans-Permethrin (µg/kg)
This Study Pacific Northwest, USA 33 42a 2.3a 2.1a
Morgan et al. [12] North Carolina 13 NRb <1.0–2.55c <1.0–2.2c
Morgan et al. [10] Ohio 16; 14 NRb <1.0d <1.0d
Tulve et al. [8] USA 117 24 (14); 1200e 5 (1); 130e 6 (1); 140e
Morgan et al. [11] North Carolina 13 <1.0d NRb NRb
Wilson et al. [13] North Carolina 4 <2d NAf NAf

aMeasurement > RL only found in one sample.

bNR = not reported.

cRange.

dMethod detection limit.

eMean (standard error); maximum.

fNA = not analyzed.