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. 2024 Feb 16;52(3):1099–1111. doi: 10.1007/s15010-023-02165-x

Table 2.

Sites of pathogen detection in the multicenter study

Site of pathogen detection S. pyogenes (n = 58) S. pneumoniae (n = 62) H. influenza (n = 19) N. meningitides (n = 2)
Sterile sites
 Blood culture 24 (41%) 8 (13%) 4 (21%) 1 (50%)
 Cerebrospinal fluid culture 2 (3%) 4 (6%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%)
 Bronchoalveolar lavage/tracheal secretion 2 (3%) 14 (23%) 6 (32%) 0 (0%)
 Pleural empyema 16 (28%) 14 (23%) 2 (11%) 0 (0%)
 Intraoperative swab 9 (16%) 3 (5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 Synovial fluid 2 (3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 Abscess 2 (3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Non-sterile sites
 Sputum/throat swab 12 (21%) 25 (40%) 11 (58%) 0 (0%)
 Skin/soft tissue/wound swab 6 (10%) 0 (0%) 1 (5%) 0 (0%)
 Antigen rapid test 3 (5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 Antigen test (urine) 0 (0%) 7 (11%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 Other 2 (3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%
 Invasive infection according to NRL definition 43 (74%) 36 (58%) 7 (37%) 2 (100%)

NRL nationwide reference laboratory