Table 1.
Available patient characteristics and descriptive statistics within the study population. Parameters are the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and the fraction of True instances for binary variables. LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract.
| Variable | Type | Survivors, 813 (56.1%) | Non-survivors, 636 (43.9%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Missing | Parameters | Missing | ||
| Tabular baseline patient characteristics | |||||
| Age [y] | Cont. | 79.8 ± 7.6 | 0.2% | 82.2 ± 6.8 | 0.2% |
| Aortic regurgitation [severity score between 0 and 3] | Cont. | 0.66 ± 0.70 | 13.0% | 0.67 ± 0.70 | 21.1% |
| Aortic valve area [] | Cont. | 0.77 ± 0.20 | 12.2% | 0.76 ± 0.21 | 20.6% |
| Body mass index [] | Cont. | 27.2 ± 4.8 | 0.4% | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 0.2% |
| Cerebrovascular disease | Binary | 0.18 | 0.6% | 0.19 | 0.3% |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Binary | 0.13 | 1.0% | 0.18 | 0.8% |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | Binary | 0.19 | 2.6% | 0.21 | 0.6% |
| Coronary atheromatosis or stenosis | Binary | 0.69 | 44.3% | 0.78 | 15.6% |
| Creatinine [ mol/L] | Cont. | 99.7 ± 54.0 | 10.1% | 121.6 ± 84.3 | 5.3% |
| Diabetes mellitus | Binary | 0.23 | 2.1% | 0.27 | 0.8% |
| Dyslipidemia | Binary | 0.61 | 1.8% | 0.51 | 1.7% |
| Family history of any cardiovascular disease | Binary | 0.26 | 8.7% | 0.33 | 2.7% |
| Glomerular filtration rate [mL/min/] | Cont. | 59.7 ± 19.6 | 1.0% | 53.5 ± 21.9 | 1.9% |
| Hemoglobin [g/L] | Cont. | 124.2 ± 18.9 | 10.7% | 118.0 ± 19.0 | 5.5% |
| Hypertension | Binary | 0.80 | 1.5% | 0.81 | 0.5% |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction [%] | Cont. | 55.0 ± 12.8 | 9.2% | 53.1 ± 13.9 | 18.2% |
| Male | Binary | 0.52 | 0.5% | 0.53 | 0.3% |
| Mean transaortic pressure gradient [mmHg] | Cont. | 42.3 ± 15.7 | 9.0% | 40.7 ± 16.1 | 17.6% |
| Mitral regurgitation [severity score between 0 and 3] | Cont. | 0.92 ± 0.78 | 15.7% | 1.14 ± 0.84 | 24.4% |
| Pacemaker at baseline | Binary | 0.95 | 1.8% | 0.89 | 8.3% |
| Peripheral artery disease | Binary | 0.18 | 0.9% | 0.27 | 0.3% |
| Previous cardiovascular interventions | Binary | 0.23 | 3.6% | 0.17 | 0.8% |
| Renal replacement or dialysis | Binary | 0.01 | 11.4% | 0.05 | 5.2% |
| Smoking status | Binary | 0.29 | 39.6% | 0.33 | 9.6% |
| Valve in valve | Binary | 0.05 | 0% | 0.02 | 0.2% |
| Preprocedural 3D torso CT image | |||||
| CT image | Cont. | – | 58.1% | – | 37.1% |
| CT image measurements | |||||
| Agatston score aortic valve | Cont. | 2787.0 ± 1821.4 | 28.9% | 2715.0 ± 1675.9 | 14.9% |
| Area-derived diameter of annulus incl. calcification [mm] | Cont. | 24.2 ± 4.0 | 6.6% | 24.6 ± 2.8 | 8.0% |
| Area of annulus incl. calcification [] | Cont. | 460.5 ± 97.5 | 6.6% | 479.7 ± 107.0 | 8.0% |
| Calcification of ascending aorta | Cont. | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 41.0% | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 16.0% |
| Calcification of sinotubular junction | Cont. | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 61.4% | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 37.4% |
| Diameter of ascending aorta [mm] | Cont. | 35.1 ± 4.3 | 6.0% | 34.8 ± 4.2 | 7.7% |
| LVOT area [] | Cont. | 433.1 ± 111.6 | 6.9% | 450.2 ± 117.9 | 7.2% |
| LVOT maximal diameter [mm] | Cont. | 28.2 ± 3.4 | 5.7% | 28.5 ± 3.9 | 7.2% |
| Maximal annulus diameter [mm] | Cont. | 27.4 ± 3.0 | 6.4% | 27.9 ± 3.1 | 8.0% |
| Maximal diameter of sinotubular junction [mm] | Cont. | 29.2 ± 3.6 | 6.8% | 29.3 ± 3.7 | 8.0% |
| Perimeter of annulus incl. calcification [mm] | Cont. | 77.2 ± 8.4 | 6.5% | 79.3 ± 8.7 | 8.0% |
| Sinus portion maximal diameter [mm] | Cont. | 32.5 ± 4.0 | 7.0% | 33.2 ± 3.9 | 7.9% |
| Volume of sinus valsalva [] | Cont. | 23.3 ± 9.7 | 45.1% | 17.7 ± 7.2 | 36.5% |
| Volume score aortic valve | Cont. | 1180.5 ± 926.8 | 57.7% | 967.6 ± 736.8 | 37.3% |
| Volume score LVOT | Cont. | 36.6 ± 85.7 | 13.2% | 52.4 ± 108.7 | 10.1% |
| Outcome | |||||
| Death during follow-up | Binary | – | 0% | – | 0% |