Fig. 3.

All-cause healthcare costs among patients with newly confirmed LN over 5 years of follow-up (n = 335)

^aNumbers in parentheses are relative frequencies (percentages of the total costs in a given year for each cost component); ^bOther medical costs include costs for services rendered at independent laboratories, at assisted living facilities, at urgent care clinics, and by home health providers. LN, lupus nephritis; SD, standard deviation