Table 1.
Baseline demographics and disease characteristics in patients with ≥ 5 years of continuous enrollment post-index (n = 335)
| Patients | |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.2 (14.1) |
| Age group, n (%) | |
| 18–44 | 61 (18.2) |
| 45–64 | 166 (49.6) |
| ≥ 65 | 108 (32.2) |
| Female, n (%) | 294 (87.8) |
| Region, n (%) | |
| Northeast | 43 (12.8) |
| Midwest | 80 (23.9) |
| South | 157 (46.9) |
| West | 55 (16.4) |
| Insurance type, n (%) | |
| Commercial | 163 (48.7) |
| Medicare Advantage | 172 (51.3) |
| Index year, n (%) | |
| 2011 | 51 (15.2) |
| 2012 | 118 (35.2) |
| 2013 | 110 (32.8) |
| 2014 | 56 (16.7) |
| Index LN diagnosis provider specialty, n (%) | |
| Rheumatologist | 36 (10.7) |
| Nephrologist | 81 (24.2) |
| Primary care physician/family practitioner/internal medicine physician | 115 (34.3) |
| Other | 103 (30.7) |
| Baseline Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.5) |
| Comorbidities,a n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 241 (71.9) |
| Nontraumatic joint disorders | 214 (63.9) |
| Other connective tissue disease | 199 (59.4) |
| Heart disease | 194 (57.9) |
| Other lower respiratory disease | 171 (51.0) |
| CKD staging, n (%) | |
| None | 145 (43.3) |
| Stage I | 37 (11.0) |
| Stage II | 60 (17.9) |
| Stage III | 83 (24.8) |
| Stage IV or V | 10 (3.0) |
| Treatment, n (%) | |
| Corticosteroids | 241 (71.9) |
| Oral | 198 (59.1) |
| IV | 114 (34.0) |
| Antimalarials | 174 (51.9) |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 137 (40.9) |
| NSAIDs | 121 (36.1) |
| Immunosuppressants | 100 (29.9) |
| Azathioprine | 36 (10.7) |
| Methotrexate | 36 (10.7) |
| Mycophenolateb | 37 (11.0) |
| Biologics | 11 (3.3) |
| Belimumab | 9 (2.7) |
aFive most commonly reported comorbidities
bMycophenolate: mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate sodium
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IV, intravenous; LN, lupus nephritis; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation