Table 6.

Outcome of treatment of episodes of relapse of visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in public hospitals in Mainland Portugal in 2010–2020, according to drug or combination of drugs used

	Total	Monotherapy	LAmB	Miltefosine	Meglumine antimoniate	Combination	LAmB + Miltefosine	LAmB + Paromomycin	Others	P-value (monotherapy vs. combination)	P-value (LAmB vs. LAmB + miltefosine)	P-value (LAmB vs. miltefosine vs. meglumine)
Number, % (n )	100	77.3	63.1	6.4	7.8	22.7	17.7	2.1	2.8
	(141/141)	(109/141)	(89/141)	(9/141)	(11/141)	(32/141)	(25/141)	(3/141)	(4/141)a
Side effects, % (n )	44.0	43.7	39.4	55.6	71.4	44.8	37.5	100	50.0	0.914	0.866	0.169
	(51/116)	(38/87)	(28/71)b	(5/9)c	(5/7)d	(13/29)	(9/24)e	(3/3)f	(1/2)	(χ 2 = 0.012, df = 1)	(χ 2 = 0.028, df = 1)	(FET)
Result, % (n )
Improvement at 7 days	82.8	80.8	81.4	77.8	77.8	90.0	87.5	100	100	0.238	0.760	0.798
	(111/134)	(84/104)	(70/86)	(7/9)	(7/9)	(27/30)	(21/24)	(3/3)	(3/3)	(χ 2 = 1.395, df = 1)	(FET)	(FET)
Improvement at 30 days	86.2	83.5	84.0	75.0	87.5	93.3	91.7	100	100	0.235	0.507	0.852
	(106/123)	(76/91)	(63/75)	(6/8)	(7/8)	(28/30)	(22/24)	(3/3)	(3/3)	(FET)	(FET)	(FET)
Subsequent relapse
Median time to relapse, months (IQI)	11.0	11.0	11.0	8.5	11.0	11.0	11.0	14.5	12.0	0.789	0.519	0.536
	[7.0–19.0]	[6.5–19.0]	[5.0–19.5]	[4.75–14.0]	[8.25–17.5]	[6.5–15.0]	[5.0–13.5]	[11.0–18.0]	[8.0–16.0]	(U = 696.5)	(U = 403,5)	(H = 1.248, df = 2)

IQI Interquartile interval, LAmB Liposomal amphotericin B

^aLAmB + Meglumine + Voriconazol n = 1; LAmB + Paromomycin + Miltefosine n = 1; Meglumine + Miltefosine n = 1; Meglumine + Paromomycin n = 1

^bRenal dysfunction n = 20, Fever/shivering n = 2

^cDiarrhea n = 5

^dPancreatitis n = 5, cardiac toxicity n = 1

^eRenal dysfunction n = 6, diarrhea/vomiting n = 3

^fRenal dysfunction n = 2, Ototoxicity n = 1