Table 1.

Matching criteria for non-CDI patients for matched cohort analysis

	Non-CDI patients for matching
Matching criteria	Healthcare-associated and hospitalised CDI patients (Group 1)	Community-associated and hospitalised CDI patients (Group 2)	Healthcare-associated and community-treated CDI patients (Group 3)	Community-associated and community-treated CDI patients (Group 4)
Age and gender	Same age (± 5 years) and sex as the matched CDI patient at index date
Use of antibiotics	Prescription of any of the following antibiotics in the 12 months prior to index date: penicillin, cephalosporin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolone, macrolide, and rifaximin
Comorbidities	Same age-adjusted CCI category: 0–6, 7–10, or ≥ 11 points
Record of healthcare use	Record of a hospitalisation (not related to CDI) around the same date as the index date (± 1 month) as the matched CDI patient		Record of healthcare use (i.e. consultation, drug dispensation, biological tests) around the index date (± 1 month) as the matched CDI patient
Region	Admission for hospitalisation in the same region as the matched CDI patient		Residents of the same region as the matched CDI patient at time of the healthcare use
Prior hospitalisation	-	No hospitalisation within 3 months before the hospitalisation	Record of hospitalisation (not related to CDI) up to 1month preceding index date	No hospitalisation within 3 months before the hospitalisation

CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection