Table 5.
HCRU in CDI and non-CDI patients during 12-months follow-up, stratified by number of rCDIs
| Non-CDI patients | All CDI patients | Patients without rCDI | Patients with 1 rCDI | Patients with 2 rCDIs | Patients with ≥ 3 rCDIs | Patients with ≥ 1 rCDIs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients, Na | 16,845 | 5,618 | 4,552 | 803 | 185 | 78 | 1,066 |
| Hospitalisations | |||||||
| Patients with hospital stays, n (%) | 6,910 (41.02%) | 3,067 (54.59%) | 2,231 (49.01%) | 609 (75.84%) | 154 (83.24%) | 73 (93.59%) | 836 (78.42%) |
| Inpatient care days | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.96 (20.96) | 14.72 (26.77) | 12.62 (24.75) | 21.37 (33.27) | 28.30 (29.86) | 36.86 (27.14) | 23.70 (32.58) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
0; 0.00–9.00 |
3; 0.00–19.00 |
0; 0.00–15.00 |
12; 2.00–27.00 |
22; 8.00–38.00 |
34; 13.00–54.00 |
15; 3.00–32.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 399 | 0; 348 | 0; 348 | 0; 330 | 0; 172 | 0; 121 | 0; 330 |
| Number of hospitalisations | |||||||
| N | 13,938 | 6,922 | 4,952 | 1.303 | 423 | 244 | 1,970 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.83 (1.45) | 1.23 (1.75) | 1.09 (1.70) | 1.62 (1.67) | 2.29 (1.87) | 3.13 (2.16) | 1.85 (1.80) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
0; 0.00–1.00 |
1; 0.00–2.00 |
0; 0.00–2.00 |
1; 1.00–2.00 |
2; 1.00–3.00 |
3; 2.00–4.00 |
1; 1.00–3.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 26 | 0; 23 | 0; 23 | 0; 11 | 0; 10 | 0; 9 | 0; 11 |
| Length of stay per hospitalisation, days | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.82 (12.34) | 11.95 (12.72) | 11.60 (12.76) | 13.17 (13.83) | 12.38 (10.57) | 11.78 (8.01) | 12.83 (12.60) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
7; 4.00–13.00 |
8; 4.00–15.00 |
8; 4.00–14.00 |
9; 5.00–16.00 |
9; 6.00–16.00 |
10; 6.00–16.00 |
9; 5.00–16.00 |
| Min; Max | 1; 198 | 1; 174 | 1; 174 | 1; 116 | 1; 87 | 1; 50 | 1; 116 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | |||||||
| Yes | 412 (2.45%) | 171 (3.04%) | 118 (2.59%) | 38 (4.73%) | 9 (4.86%) | 6 (7.69%) | 53 (4.97%) |
| No | 6,766 (40.17%) | 3,021 (53.77%) | 2,198 (48.29%) | 597 (74.35%) | 153 (82.70%) | 73 (93.59%) | 823 (77.20%) |
| Outpatient visits | |||||||
|
Patients with outpatient visits, n (%) |
16,255 (96.50%) | 5,224 (92.99%) | 4,173 (91.67%) | 789 (98.26%) | 184 (99.46%) | 78 (100.00%) | 1,051 (98.59%) |
| Number of outpatient visits | |||||||
| N | 478,610 | 185,724 | 148,579 | 26,397 | 6,858 | 3,890 | 37,145 |
| Mean (SD) | 28.41 (24.98) | 33.06 (36.01) | 32.64 (36.50) | 32.87 (31.04) | 37.07 (31.27) | 49.87 (56.07) | 34.85 (33.79) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
24; 12.00–39.00 |
25; 11.00–44.00 |
25; 10.00–43.00 |
27; 12.00–43.00 |
32; 18.00–47.00 |
39.5; 20.00–55.00 |
28; 13.00–45.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 428 | 0; 406 | 0; 406 | 0; 250 | 0; 246 | 2; 364 | 0; 364 |
| Pharmacological treatment (outpatient) | |||||||
| Patients with pharmacological treatments, n (%) | 15,403 (91.44%) | 5,059 (90.05%) | 4,020 (88.31%) | 779 (97.01%) | 183 (98.92%) | 77 (98.72%) | 1,039 (97.47%) |
| Number of pharmacological treatments | |||||||
| N | 147,101 | 57,376 | 45,162 | 8,699 | 2,456 | 1,059 | 12,214 |
| Mean (SD) | 8.73 (6.34) | 10.21 (7.36) | 9.92 (7.45) | 10.83 (6.83) | 13.28 (6.65) | 13.58 (6.23) | 11.46 (6.84) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
8; 4.00–13.00 |
9; 5.00–15.00 |
9; 4.00–14.00 |
10; 6.00–15.00 |
13; 8.00–17.00 |
13; 9.00–17.00 |
11; 7.00–15.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 46 | 0; 52 | 0; 52 | 0; 34 | 0; 37 | 0; 33 | 0; 37 |
| Medical procedures b | |||||||
|
Patients with medical procedures, n (%) |
11,039 (65.53%) | 3,136 (55.82%) | 2,426 (53.30%) | 507 (63.14%) | 141 (76.22%) | 62 (79.49%) | 710 (66.60%) |
| Number of medical procedures | |||||||
| N | 47,548 | 14,675 | 11,265 | 2,488 | 629 | 293 | 3,410 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.82 (4.36) | 2.61 (5.06) | 2.47 (4.83) | 3.10 (6.39) | 3.40 (4.49) | 3.76 (3.40) | 3.20 (5.92) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
1; 0.00–4.00 |
1; 0.00–3.00 |
1; 0.00–3.00 |
1; 0.00–4.00 |
2; 1.00–5.00 |
3; 1.00–6.00 |
1; 0.00–4.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 72 | 0; 87 | 0; 87 | 0; 82 | 0; 27 | 0; 11 | 0; 82 |
| Diagnostic tests | |||||||
|
Patients with diagnosis tests, n (%) |
14,648 (86.96%) | 4,834 (86.04%) | 3,838 (84.31%) | 741 (92.28%) | 180 (97.30%) | 75 (96.15%) | 996 (93.43%) |
| Number of diagnosis tests | |||||||
| N | 88,927 | 34,347 | 27,115 | 5,296 | 1,278 | 658 | 7,232 |
| Mean (SD) | 5.28 (5.49) | 6.11 (6.65) | 5.96 (6.70) | 6.60 (6.58) | 6.91 (5.36) | 8.44 (6.65) | 6.78 (6.40) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
4; 1.00–7.00 |
4; 2.00–8.00 |
4; 1.00–8.00 |
5; 2.00–9.00 |
6; 3.00–9.00 |
7; 4.00–12.00 |
5; 3.00–9.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 78 | 0; 63 | 0; 63 | 0; 58 | 0; 34 | 0; 39 | 0; 58 |
| Medical devices c | |||||||
| Patients with medical devices, n (%) | 9,939 (59.00%) | 3,716 (66.14%) | 2,937 (64.52%) | 556 (69.24%) | 153 (82.70%) | 70 (89.74%) | 779 (73.08%) |
| Number of medical devices | |||||||
| N | 45,449 | 23,400 | 17,955 | 3,725 | 1,139 | 581 | 5,445 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.70 (4.33) | 4.17 (6.12) | 3.94 (6.03) | 4.64 (6.40) | 6.16 (6.20) | 7.45 (6.40) | 5.11 (6.42) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 |
1; 0.00–3.00 |
2; 0.00–6.00 |
1; 0.00–5.00 |
2; 0.00–7.00 |
4; 1.00–10.00 |
6; 2.00–12.00 |
3; 0.00; 8.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 65 | 0; 58 | 0; 58 | 0; 52 | 0; 32 | 0; 24 | 0; 52 |
| Medical transportation | |||||||
| Patients with medical transportation, n (%) | 9,513 (56.47%) | 3,885 (69.15%) | 3,035 (66.67%) | 621 (77.33%) | 158 (85.41%) | 71 (91.03%) | 850 (79.74%) |
| Number of medical transportations | |||||||
| N | 34,938 | 20,188 | 15,005 | 3,588 | 1,015 | 580 | 5,183 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.07 (4.01) | 3.59 (7.11) | 3.30 (6.85) | 4.47 (8.55) | 5.49 (5.37) | 7.44 (6.50) | 4.86 (7.98) |
| Median; Q1 - Q3 | 1; 0.00–3.00 | 2; 0.00–5.00 | 1; 0.00–4.00 | 3; 1.00–5.00 | 4; 2.00–7.00 | 7; 4.00–10.00 | 3; 1.00–6.00 |
| Min; Max | 0; 122 | 0; 169 | 0; 169 | 0; 156 | 0; 43 | 0; 48 | 0; 156 |
CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; ICU: intensive care unit; Min, minimum; Max, maximum; Q1, 1st quartile; Q3, 3rd quartile; rCDI, recurrent CDI infection; SD, standard deviation
aAll HCRU captured for 12-month follow-up after index date
bCosts of medical procedures are not available in the BKK database.
cMedical devices include orthotic insert, walking aids, inhalation, incontinence aid, application aid (insulin injection, infusion pump), compression therapy, wheelchair